Single-cell analysis by electrochemical detection with a microfluidic device.
A novel electrochemical method with a microfluidic device was developed for analysis of single cells. In this method, cell injection, loading and cell lysis, and electrokinetic transportation and detection of intracellular species were integrated in a microfluidic chip with a double-T injector coupled with an end-channel amperometric detector. A single cell was loaded at the double-T injector on the microfluidic chip by using electric field. Then, the docked cell was lysed by a direct current electric field strength of 220 V/cm. The analyte of interest inside the cell was electrokinetically transported to the detection end of separation channel and was electrochemically detected. External standardization was used to quantify the analyte of interest in individual cells. Ascorbic acid (AA) in single wheat callus cells was chosen as the model compound. AA could be directly detected at a carbon fiber disk bundle electrode. The selectivity of electrochemical detection made the electropherogram simple. The technique described here could, in principle, be applied to a variety of electroactive species within single cells.