Biomedical subjects

Fariba Hashemi

Publications and source records attributed to Fariba Hashemi.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

The mRNA expression of AMPA type glutamate receptors in the primary motor cortex of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an in situ hybridization study.

The pathogenetic mechanisms leading to progressive neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have not been fully elucidated. One possible factor responsible for the selective motor neuron loss in the motor cortex, brain stem and spinal cord is glutamate-induced excitotoxicity particularly mediated via alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) type glutamate receptors. Data about the expression pattern of AMPA receptors in the primary motor cortex are lacking so far. The pharmacological and physiological properties of AMPA receptors are defined by the heteromeric composition of the four different receptor subunits. Different expression patterns of these subunits at motor neurons may provide a molecular basis for increased vulnerability to excitotoxic damage. Using in situ hybridization histochemistry we did not detect any significant differences in the distribution of AMPA receptor mRNA in the motor cortex of ALS patients compared to controls.

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PubMed2003

Distribution of GABAA receptor mRNA in the motor cortex of ALS patients.

The pathomechanism of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains unclear. There is some evidence that excitotoxic cell death is involved in the degeneration of the motor nervous system, and that ligand-gated receptor channels play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Several electrophysiological and anatomical studies support the pathophysiological concept of an impaired inhibitory, namely GABAergic, control of the motoneurons in the cerebral cortex of ALS patients. The aim of our study was to investigate the expression of GABAA-receptor subunit mRNAs and the GABA synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in the motor cortex of ALS patients compared to tissue of control persons. We performed in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISH) on human postmortem motor cortex sections of ALS patients (n = 5) and age matched controls with no history of neurological disease (n = 5). The most intriguing finding was a significantly reduced mRNA expression of the alpha1-subunit in ALS patients while the level of beta1-subunit mRNA was elevated in the patients group. This may indicate specific alterations of the GABAA receptor subunit composition and result in distinct physiological and pharmacological properties of these receptors in ALS patients.

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PubMed2002

Infant crying: nature, physiologic consequences, and select interventions.

This article describes the nature of infant crying, the physiologic events and changes associated with it, and appropriate nursing interventions for infant crying. A cry is a series of four movements that basically resembles a Valsalva maneuver. Documented immediate and long-term sequelae of crying include increased heart rate and blood pressure, reduced oxygen level, elevated cerebral blood pressure, initiation of the stress response, depleted energy reserves and oxygen, interrupted mother-infant interaction, brain injury, and cardiac dysfunction. Caregivers are encouraged to answer infant cries swiftly, consistently, and comprehensively. Kangaroo care is an efficient method for preventing, minimizing, and halting crying. Other interventions for crying include swaddled holding, a pacifier, sugar water, a sweet-tasting nonsucrose solution, heartbeat sounds, distraction by lullabies or mother's voice, rhythmic movement, and reduction of external stimuli.

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