Consensus Document on substitution therapy with DHEA in the elderly.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
Felice Strollo
Publications and source records attributed to Felice Strollo.
Blood glucose changes in diabetic children and adolescents engaged in most common sports activities.
Circulating insulin levels decrease and substrate glycogenolysis-mediated conversion into glucose increases just a few minutes after normal subjects start exercising, but during sustained physical activity muscles massively utilize blood glucose, thus causing glycogenolysis to increase further until the end of the session. After that, in order to get liver and muscle glycogen stores up to pre-exercise levels again, blood glucose is mostly utilized, thus causing late-onset hypoglycaemia in the absence of any extra carbohydrate supply and rebound hyperglycaemia after a while. This and other patho-physiological mechanisms are dealt with in the present paper, and practical hints are provided to the clinician to cope with children-specific adaptation phenomena to exercise in t1DM.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
Microgravity as a model of ageing.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Longevity with good health and long-term survival in space are two of the many challenges that scientists face in the twenty-first century. Ageing and life in space are both associated with undesirable effects on normal physiological processes. This review will outline how the endocrine, metabolic, immune and musculoskeletal systems are affected by microgravity and ageing, drawing analogies between the observed changes in an attempt to highlight common mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS: Mild hypothyroidism, increased stress hormones (mainly catecholamines), decreased sex steroids, insulin resistance, impaired anabolic response to food intake, anorexia, altered mitochondrial function and systemic inflammatory response are common features of both ageing and microgravity. Both conditions lead to progressive bone and muscle atrophy, compromising mobility and the ability to perform essential daily tasks. In skeletal muscle, both ageing and space flight lead to weakness from whole muscle to single fibre level, accompanied by marked alterations in muscle architecture and in tendon mechanical properties. SUMMARY: What makes microgravity an interesting and unique tool for gerontologists is that many space-related physiological changes resemble those observed during ageing, but are more or less quickly restored after re-entry, thus allowing the biology of ageing to be investigated both ways, not only during its development but also during recovery.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
Clinorotation-induced weightlessness influences the cytoskeleton of glial cells in culture.
During and after spaceflight astronauts experience neurophysiological alterations. To investigate if the impairment observed might be traced back to cytomorphology, we undertook a ground based research using a random positioning machine (clinostat) as a simulation method for microgravity. The outcome of the study was represented by cytoskeletal changes occurring in cultured glial cells (C(6) line) after 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 20 h and 32 h under simulated microgravity. Glia is fundamental for brain function and it is essential for the normal health of the entire nervous system. Our data showed that after 30 min under simulated microgravity the cytoskeleton was damaged: microfilaments (F-actin) and intermediate filaments (Vimentin, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Proteins GFAP) were highly disorganised, microtubules (alpha-tubulin) lost their radial array, the overall cellular shape was deteriorated, and the nuclei showed altered chromatin condensations and DNA fragmentation. This feature got less dramatic after 20 h of simulated microgravity when glial cells appeared to reorganise their cytoskeleton and mitotic figures were present. The research was carried out by immunohistochemistry using antibodies to alpha-tubulin, vimentin and GFAP, and cytochemical labelling of F-actin (Phalloidin-TRIC). The nuclei were stained with propidium iodide or 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI). The cells were observed at the conventional and/or the confocal laser scanning microscope. Samples were also observed at the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Our data showed that in weightlessness alterations occur already visible at the scale of the single cell; if this may lead to the neurophysiological problems observed in flight is yet to be established.
Actins↗