Biomedical subjects

Francesco Garino

Publications and source records attributed to Francesco Garino.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Orthodontics in the Mediterranean Area.

The article describes on the results of the first Workshop that SIDO organized in December 2005 in Cairo getting together twenty Countries who discussed Orthodontics in the Mediterranean Area. The aim was to take a picture, for the first time, of the state of Orthodontics in the different Mediterranean Countries using it as basis for a further co-operation. Progress in Orthodontics (published in English, indexed in Medline, free of charge website and downloading) was offered by SIDO as the means for a scientific and organizational sharing, and to spread a Mediterranean Orthodontic culture all over the world. The first step toward mutual understanding was completed and for the first time we collected data and the Mediterranean Orthodontic Integration Project (MOIP), on which we can base a coming meeting and debate, was introduced.

Education, Dental, Continuing↗

PubMed2005

Effect of different light sources and guides on shear bond strength of brackets bonded with 2 adhesive systems.

INTRODUCTION: This study assessed the effect of different light sources and light guides on the shear bond strength and failure site of orthodontic brackets bonded with 2 adhesive systems (Quick Cure [Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, Ill] and Transbond XT [3M/Unitek, Monrovia, Calif]). METHODS: Ninety bovine permanent mandibular incisors were randomly divided into 6 groups according to the adhesive system and light-curing procedure used. Each group consisted of 15 specimens; 90 stainless steel brackets were bonded to the teeth. Each adhesive system was light-cured with a halogen light (Ortholux XT, 3M/Unitek) for 20 seconds and the conventional light guide as controls. The remaining groups were cured with a halogen light (Ortho 2000 [Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, Ill]) and a Power Slot light guide (Reliance Orthodontic Products) for 6 and 10 seconds. After bonding, all samples were stored in distilled water for 24 hours and then tested in a shear mode on a universal testing machine. RESULTS: No significant differences in terms of bond strength values were found among the 6 groups, but significant differences in debond locations were found among the 6 groups tested. CONCLUSIONS: Power Slot light guides can be recommended as advantageous alternatives for fast-curing composite resins during orthodontic bonding.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Computer-aided interactive indirect bonding.

INTRODUCTION: The introduction of the virtual occlusal set-up, limited to the permanent dentition with dento-dental and dento-alveolar discrepancies, based on the straight wire technique with final arches .020" x .025" ss in straight wire brackets .022" x .028" is an evolution of the 3D digital model with clinical impact. AIM: To present a computer-aided solution to orthodontic indirect bonding, allowing accurate positioning of straight-wire brackets based on a virtual occlusal set-up resulting from the treatment plan. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Computer-aided indirect bonding was applied in two cases: a Class II patient in the permanent dentition, crowding, rotation of upper and lower bicuspids and a Class I patient in the permanent dentition with already extracted 1.4, 2.4, 3.4, 4.4, severe crowding, rotation, arch form reduction. Speed brackets were utilized in both cases. RESULTS: In the first case the brackets' starting position on the patient corresponds to the final position on the virtual occlusal set-up. In the second case the resulting occlusion at the end of treatment corresponds to the final occlusion on the virtual occlusal set-up. DISCUSSION: The computerized tools employed in the process enabled precise bracket placement on the stone model. An algorithm from the virtual set-up is the determinant for the precision. CONCLUSION: Computer aided indirect bonding is a method of placing brackets precisely.

Computer-Aided Design↗

PubMed2004

Digital treatment objectives: procedure and clinical application.

OBJECTIVES: the introduction of digital study models in the orthodontic practice changed the traditional stone gipsotec to a virtual gipsotec and the orthodontist has the possibility to see, immediately on the computer, this basic analysis with a great reduction of space and time. The aim of this study is to extend the use of digital models to the occlusal virtual set-up in 3D and have the orthodontist simulate and visualize the resulting occlusion from a suggested treatment plan for the malocclusion. METHODS AND MATERIALS: a case is presented where the treatment plan involvers extractions. The malocclusion is a Class II division 1 in the permanent dentition where an extraction treatment of 1.4, 2.4, 3.5 et 4.5 is planned: the final result shows the new occlusal relationship with proper anchorage management of the extraction spaces. From the primary silicon impression, a digital model is obtained followed by the virtual set up according the prescription of the treatment plan. More digital treatment objectives can be performed for the same malocclusion from the primary digital models, according to different treatment plans and the resulting occlusion visualized. RESULTS: the basic principle for the virtual occlusal set-up is the straight-wire system with the final position of the teeth resulting both from the bracket prescription and the final rectangular wire in a full slot engagement. CONCLUSIONS: the resulting dental arches show a correct arch form, arch coordination and a proper dental intercuspation. The results coming from different virtual simulations are analyzed; all these simulations need only one pair of impressions. Limits of this virtual method are that it can be used only in full permanent dentition and for cases of dento-alveolar or dento-dental discrepancy.

Computer Simulation↗

PubMed2004

Distalization of maxillary molars using the speed system: a clinical and radiological evaluation.

AIM: To show how a self-ligating system can provide bodily movement of maxillary molars without extraoral devices or lingual appliances, reducing the need for patient compliance. The control of these tooth movements has been clinically and radiologically substantiated. METHODS: The biomechanical principles, patient selection, and steps of the treatment are described. Some reference points are shown on the lateral cephalogram for superimposition, to evaluate the sagittal, vertical, and angular changes. RESULTS: A number of cases have been treated with this technique, both distalization of maxillary first and second molars, with bodily movement and satisfactory anchorage management. CONCLUSION: The described system works efficiently, all with only intraoral appliances, but the use of light and continuous forces to reach bodily distal movement without secondary effects is mandatory. The described system also produces the desired objectives with a short treatment time.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed2003

Control of tooth movements with the Speed system.

Steps taken to evolve the straight-wire system eventually led to the development of self-ligating brackets. The Speed system, comprehensive of bracket, wires, force, and anchorage management, is a significant evolutionary development. The design property of the fourth wall in the Speed bracket allows the Ni-Ti wire to be placed in the slot fully. Closure of the gate activates the wire for the desired type and direction of tooth movement. A sequence of round, square, rectangular wires, Ni-Ti and stainless steel, permits a complete control of the tooth position during the different phases of the orthodontic treatment. In this study, the effectiveness of the system is investigated in four groups of patients: Class II, div 1 with four first bicuspid extractions; Class II, div 2 non-extraction; Class II div 1 non-extraction in mixed dentition; Skeletal Class III skeletal treated with an orthodontic-surgical treatment plan. Treatment results were assessed using the intra-oral photographs, and radiographs taken at the start of treatment, at the end of active treatment, and in retention. Satisfactory control of tooth positions during the horizontal, mesio-distal and torque movements, both in the extraction and non-extraction cases were observed. During the course of treatment, in extraction cases where sliding mechanics are used, shifting of the anchorage from posterior to the anterior unit is possible as a result of increased forces. This shift is facilitated by the activation of the spring clip on the anterior teeth. The advantages of the self-ligating Speed system are the low levels of force used, low friction, and precise control of tooth movements.

Adolescent↗