Influenza: getting our attention.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Disease Outbreaks↗
Biomedical subjects
Frederick L Ruben
Publications and source records attributed to Frederick L Ruben.
Immunogenicity and safety of inactivated influenza virus vaccine in young children in 2003-2004.
This study assessed the safety and immunogenicity of a pediatric formulation of the 2003-2004 inactivated, trivalent, split virion influenza vaccine, administered in a 2-dose schedule in healthy children ages 6-36 months, of whom 94% had protective titers (> or =1/40) to at least 1 antigen. The 2003-2004 split virion influenza vaccine was safe and immunogenic in young children.
Antibodies, Viral↗
Inactivated influenza virus vaccines in children.
Healthy children aged < or =2 years have hospitalization rates during influenza periods 12 times those of older children and comparable to rates in the elderly population. In 2003, killed influenza vaccines were "recommended" for children with high-risk conditions and were "encouraged" for children aged 6-23 months. Studies involving several thousand children show that split-virus vaccines are safe and immunogenic in healthy children aged > or =6 months and in high-risk children. In children aged < or =9 years, 2 doses of vaccine are required initially to achieve maximum protection. Studies of children aged 6 months to 15 years show vaccine efficacies of 31%-91% against influenza A and 45% against influenza B. Among children attending day care, a reduction in the rate of acute otitis media of 32%-36% was demonstrated. Studies suggest that use of killed vaccines among children is cost-saving. In conclusion, the data show that killed influenza vaccines in children are safe, immunogenic, effective, and potentially cost-saving.
Child↗
Maritime health: a case for preventing influenza on the high seas.
For decades cruise ships have been recognized as foci for diarrheal illness. More recently influenza has been added to the list of diseases for which people on cruise ships are at risk. Influenza is a business risk involving cruise ship operating and litigation costs and travelers' loss in value. Immunizing the crews could be one way to prevent introduction and spread of influenza on cruise ships. A cost-effectiveness analysis for vaccination of crews on cruise ships was conducted showing that it is not only cost-effective but it is cost savings.
Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions after use of tuberculin skin testing.
This report describes the frequency and characteristics of serious or life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions to the tuberculin skin test over an 11-year period through November 2000. There were 24 reports and no deaths, indicating that such reactions are rare (0.08 reported reactions per million doses of tuberculin).
Adult↗