Hydrophobically directed organic synthesis.
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Catalysis↗
Biomedical subjects
Fredrik Andersson
Publications and source records attributed to Fredrik Andersson.
Health-related quality of life is related to COPD disease severity.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between health-related quality of life (HRQL) and disease severity using lung function measures. METHODS: A survey was performed in subjects with COPD in Sweden. 168 subjects (70 women, mean age 64.3 years) completed the generic HRQL questionnaire, the Short Form 36 (SF-36), the disease-specific HRQL questionnaire; the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and the utility measure, the EQ-5D. The subjects were divided into four severity groups according to FEV1 per cent of predicted normal using two clinical guidelines: GOLD and BTS. Age, gender, smoking status and socio-economic group were regarded as confounders. RESULTS: The COPD severity grades affected the SGRQ Total scores, varying from 25 to 53 (GOLD p = 0.0005) and from 25 to 45 (BTS p = 0.0023). The scores for SF-36 Physical were significantly associated with COPD severity (GOLD p = 0.0059, BTS p = 0.032). No significant association were noticed for the SF-36, Mental Component Summary scores and COPD severity. Scores for EQ-5D VAS varied from 73 to 37 (GOLD I-IV p = 0.0001) and from 73 to 50 (BTS 0-III p = 0.0007). The SGRQ Total score was significant between age groups (p = 0.0047). No significant differences in HRQL with regard to gender, smoking status or socio-economic group were noticed. CONCLUSION: The results show that HRQL in COPD deteriorates with disease severity and with age. These data show a relationship between HRQL and disease severity obtained by lung function.
Age Factors↗
Cost differences for COPD with and without physician-diagnosis.
Previous studies have presented divergent estimates of the cost of illness of COPD due to differences in methodology. The objective of this study was to examine differences between register-based estimates versus population-based estimates on the burden of COPD. This study therefore examined differences in costs of COPD among physician-diagnosed and un-diagnosed subjects. During a one-year period, four telephone interviews were made with 212 randomly selected subjects with COPD derived from the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden (OLIN) studies. Health care resource utilization and productivity losses were measured, and the costs were also transformed with the estimated COPD prevalence in Sweden. Average annual costs were SEK 18,252 (USD 2,207, EUR 2,072), and SEK 9,327 (USD 1,128, EUR 1,059) for subjects with and without a physician-diagnosis, respectively. Although lower per individual, the costs of undiagnosed subjects accounted for approximately 40% of the total costs in Sweden, since the majority of subjects with COPD in Sweden lack a physician-diagnosed disease. In conclusion, we found that the costs due to COPD differed considerably between those with and without physician-diagnosed disease. This study indicates that register-based studies result in underestimated costs of COPD.
Adult↗
Amphiphysin is a component of clathrin coats formed during synaptic vesicle recycling at the lamprey giant synapse.
Amphiphysin is a protein enriched at mammalian synapses thought to function as a clathrin accessory factor in synaptic vesicle endocytosis. Here we examine the involvement of amphiphysin in synaptic vesicle recycling at the giant synapse in the lamprey. We show that amphiphysin resides in the synaptic vesicle cluster at rest and relocates to sites of endocytosis during synaptic activity. It accumulates at coated pits where its SH3 domain, but not its central clathrin/AP-2-binding (CLAP) region, is accessible for antibody binding. Microinjection of antibodies specifically directed against the CLAP region inhibited recycling of synaptic vesicles and caused accumulation of clathrin-coated intermediates with distorted morphology, including flat patches of coated presynaptic membrane. Our data provide evidence for an activity-dependent redistribution of amphiphysin in intact nerve terminals and show that amphiphysin is a component of presynaptic clathrin-coated intermediates formed during synaptic vesicle recycling.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Health-related quality of life, utility, and productivity outcomes instruments: ease of completion by subjects with COPD.
An important outcome of any clinical intervention is the change in the subject's own perceived state of health. This can be categorized as health-related quality of life (HRQL), utility (preference-based health state), and daily life performance. 174 Swedish subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (mean age 64.3 PlusMinus; 12 years) completed five self-administered questionnaires: Short Form 36 (SF-36), St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D), Health States-COPD (HS-COPD), and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire for COPD (WPAI-COPD). The subjects scored these outcomes instruments for ease of completion using a 5-point scale. The time taken to complete them was noted and the administrators' opinion of the subjects' comprehension of the questionnaires recorded using a 4-point scale. A score of 1-3 ("very easy" to "acceptable") was recorded by 92% of subjects for the SF-36, 90% for SGRQ, 80% for EQ-5D, 83% for WPAI-COPD, and 53% for HS-COPD. The HS-COPD was graded "very difficult" to complete by 21% of subjects compared with 3-5% of subjects for the other questionnaires. The mean time taken to complete all questionnaires was 39 minutes, and the large majority of subjects scored "good" for understanding by the administrator. Age correlated significantly with the degree of the subject's opinion of the ease of completion of five outcomes instruments, while the influence of gender, socio-economic status and disease severity was not statistically significant.
Activities of Daily Living↗
The impact of exacerbations on the asthmatic patient's preference scores.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of exacerbations on mild to moderate asthmatic patients' preference-based, health-related, quality of life scores and also to describe the effect of these exacerbations on daily life. In a survey, 100 mild to moderate asthmatic patients in the United Kingdom were asked to rate three different health marker states on a scale between 0 (death) and 100 (perfect health), defined as: your asthma of today, a mild exacerbation, and a severe exacerbation of asthma. They were also asked to describe their symptoms and what they did when experiencing an exacerbation. During exacerbations the vast majority of asthmatic patients have significant symptoms and consume a considerable amount of health care resources, which often overlap. The health marker state "your asthma of today" was given a mean score of 81.0, a mild exacerbation a score of 62.1, and a severe exacerbation a score of 25.6, indicating a large impact on patients' daily life and their health-related quality of life. In conclusion, asthmatic patients are severely affected in their health and daily living by mild and severe exacerbations. Considerable effort should be made to reduce the number and severity of exacerbations.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Syntheses of female sex pheromone precursors of pine sawfly species and of some structurally related methyl-branched long-chain 2-alkanols.
3,7-Dimethyl-2-undecanol, 3,7,9-trimethyl-2-tridecanol, and 3,7, 11-trimethyl-2-tridecanol were synthesized as racemic mixtures in moderate yields. The alcohols are known precursors of the female sex pheromones of the pine sawfly species Diprion nipponica, Macrodiprion nemoralis, and Microdiprion pallipes, respectively. Stereoisomeric mixtures of 3,8,12-trimethyl-2-tridecanol, erythro-(2R,3R, 11R/S)-3,11-dimethyl-2-tetradecanol, 3,5-dimethyl-2-tetradecanol, and 5,7-dimethyl-2-tetradecanol, structurally related to sex pheromone alcohol precursors of pine sawfly species, were also synthesized in moderate yields. The key reaction in the syntheses was the ring opening of gamma-butyrolactones by using different alkyl lithiums as nucleophiles.
Alkanes↗
Costs of COPD in Sweden according to disease severity.
OBJECTIVES: COPD is a common and disabling disease that entails high costs for society. The objectives of this study were to measure the societal costs of COPD in Sweden, and to examine the relationship between severity of illness and costs. METHODS: The costs of COPD were examined using a well-defined and representative cohort of subjects with mild, moderate, and severe COPD. Regular telephone interviews regarding resource utilization were made to a cohort of 212 subjects with COPD derived from studies of the general population in Northern Sweden. RESULTS: The annual per capita cost for COPD in Swedish crowns (SEK) was estimated at SEK 13,418 (1,284 US dollars (USD); 1,448 euros (EUR). The direct and indirect costs were SEK 5,592 (42%) and SEK 7,828 (58%), respectively. A highly significant relationship was found between severity of disease and costs. Costs for severe disease were 3 times as high as costs for moderate disease and > 10 times as high as for mild disease. Large individual variations in the level of costs were found. CONCLUSION: Assuming that the prevalence and treatment patterns are representative of Sweden as a whole, the total costs of COPD to society in 1999 were estimated at SEK 9.1 billion (USD 871 million; EUR 982 million). Subjects with mild disease (83%) accounted for 29%, while subjects with moderate disease (13%) accounted for 41% of the total costs. The subjects with severe disease (4%) accounted for the remainder (30%). Prevention, early diagnosis, and postponement of disease progression should have large monetary and policy implications.
Adult↗