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Biomedical subjects

G A Bogat

Publications and source records attributed to G A Bogat.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Collaborating for social change: the black psychologist and the black community.

Several prominent Black scholars have argued that the predicament of Black intellectuals is inseparable from that of Black communities (C. West, 1994), and that Black psychologists should be at the forefront in developing culturally relevant psychological interventions (J. A. Baldwin, 1989). Yet, for Black psychologists there are a number of challenges to conducting successful interventions in Black communities, including historical abuses of Black communities by the "helping" professions and divergences in values, goals, and behaviors of professionals as compared to community members. In order for community psychologists to design interventions that are respectful of the cultural traditions and norms of Black communities, these obstacles to collaboration need to be addressed. This paper outlines some of the challenges faced by Black community psychologists, as well as the unique strengths they can mobilize when collaborating on research and interventions in Black communities. The paper also addresses methods of empowering Black communities and improving the training of community psychologists.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Social problem solving in unsafe situations: implications for sexual abuse education programs.

Examined the impact of two subject variables (age and gender) and two contextual factors (antagonist age and nature of the social dilemma) on children's social problem solving (SPS). Preschoolers (N = 62) were individually presented with four stories that varied the antagonist age (peer vs. adult) and social dilemma (nonsexual vs. sexual). Responses were coded for three SPS variables: number of alternative solutions, solution content, and planfulness. Younger preschoolers were less competent problem solvers in all types of unsafe situations, and, compared to girls, some aspects of boys' problem solving were compromised in sexual encounters. Results also suggest that the nature of the social dilemma, but not the age of the antagonist, affects preschoolers' SPS. Children generated fewer alternative solutions and fewer effective strategies to the sexual encounters compared to the nonsexual dilemmas. Findings are discussed in relation to research on children's SPS and child sexual abuse prevention efforts.

Assertiveness↗
PubMed1988

The assessment of child abuse potential and the prevention of child abuse and neglect: a policy analysis.

A frequently advocated strategy for increasing the efficiency of child abuse prevention programs is to deliver prevention services to "high-risk" populations. This article critically reviews procedures for the reliable and valid assessment of child abuse potential within an ecological perspective. Factors that limit the usefulness of child abuse risk assessment are discussed. These factors include the uncertain criteria of child abuse and neglect, the low base rate of the phenomenon, and the financial and social costs of such procedures. Finally, the prevention implications of the current and future state of the art in child abuse risk assessment are considered and preventive interventions that do not depend on individual case risk screening are advocated.

Child↗
PubMed1987

The influence of self-efficacy expectations on the treatment of preorgasmic women.

One of the most successful treatments developed for women who never or rarely experience orgasm is Barbach's preorgasmic treatment program. We propose that Bandura's theory of self-efficacy provides a useful framework for understanding the success of Barbach's program. This pilot study was designed to determine whether treatment affects subjects' Certainty of and Comfort with Sexual Efficacy. Treatment (n = 5) and control (n = 6) subjects completed prepoint and postpoint instruments that measured sexual efficacy expectations, body satisfaction, locus of control, and assertiveness. Although most postpoint differences were nonsignificant (probably due to small sample size), intriguing trends emerged. In particular, treatment seemed to contribute to increased Certainty of Sexual Efficacy and body satisfaction.

Assertiveness↗
PubMed1983

Training of interns and practicum students at community mental health centers.

This study assessed training experiences offered to interns and graduate students at 464 federally funded community mental health centers. Doctoral level internship programs existed at 128 centers, and practicum training was offered at 240 settings. Questionnaires filled out by directors reveal that although the majority of training programs are not as yet APA-approved, they have become an important component in the training network in terms of the number of students being trained. Training and exceptional areas of training are still in traditional clinical areas. However, there has been an evolution of training in community mental health/community psychology areas which is still gaining momentum. Data are presented on consultation settings, orientations to consultation, and the availability of training in consultation. The need for directing effort at obtaining financial support for training is indicated.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1983

An evaluation of two visiting programs for elderly community residents.

While many researchers have asserted that social participation enhances psychological well-being among the elderly, few empirical investigations have studied this relationship by systematically enhancing activities and developing supports for the isolated elderly. In the present study, elderly community residents participated in a network-building visiting program, which reinforced and encouraged involvement in community settings; in a relationship-oriented visiting program, which emphasized empathy and concern; or in a nonequivalent control group. All three groups were administered pre- and postpoint scales on life satisfaction, health, depression, I-E, current and desired social networks, telephone calls, and visitors. Weekly activities and biweekly quality-of-life-ratings were collected on the two experimental groups. At the program's end, the network-building group exhibited directionally higher means on most variables; however, few significant differences were found. Prepoint correlates of current and desired networks emerged as central factors affecting the psychological well-being of participants in this study.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differential understanding of sexual abuse prevention concepts among preschoolers.

Most evaluations of sexual abuse prevention programs employ composite knowledge scores that may mask whether individual skills are differentially understood. The few studies examining separate skills have provided no statistical justification for doing so. This study attempted to validate empirically distinct prevention skills and whether children comprehend these skills in the order taught by prevention programs: RECOGNITION (of good and bad touch), SAY-NO (refuse the perpetrator), GO (leave the situation), TELL-WHO (find an adult), and TELL-WHAT (accurately disclose the abuse). Subjects were 117 preschoolers who were individually administered the "What If Situations Test" (WIST). Analyses confirmed that the WIST was composed of six skills. The hypothesized sequence of skills produced a high coefficient of reproducibility, but an even higher coefficient was obtained when three common sequence reversals were added to the existing logical sequences. We discuss explanations for these cognitive sequence reversals and applications of this information for teaching preschoolers prevention concepts.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preschoolers' cognitions of authority, and its relationship to sexual abuse education.

This study investigated preschoolers' perceptions of authority in sexual and benign situations and how these might influence acquisition of concepts presented in a sexual abuse prevention program. Participants were 117 children, ages 36-84 months, at four day-care centers. Children were randomly assigned to either an experimental or delayed treatment control group. Measures of authority and prevention skills were administered prior to and following the first administration of the curriculum. Preschoolers reasoned at a higher level of authority in sexually abusive encounters as compared to benign ones. For experimental children, this capability increased after participating in the prevention program. At pretest, sexual abuse authority scores predicted scores on one of two prevention skills; pretest authority scores did not predict either posttest prevention skill. Results are discussed in relation to children's understanding of moral versus social-conventional rules, and future directions for research are indicated.

Child↗