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Biomedical subjects

G A Perdrizet

Publications and source records attributed to G A Perdrizet.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Effects of heat shock, stannous chloride, and gallium nitrate on the rat inflammatory response.

Heat and a variety of other stressors cause mammalian cells and tissues to acquire cytoprotection. This transient state of altered cellular physiology is nonproliferative and antiapoptotic. In this study, male Wistar rats were stress conditioned with either stannous chloride or gallium nitrate, which have immunosuppressive effects in vivo and in vitro, or heat shock, the most intensively studied inducer of cytoprotection. The early stages of inflammation in response to topical suffusion of mesentery tissue with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) were monitored using intravital microscopy. Microvascular hemodynamics (venular diameter, red blood cell velocity [Vrbc], white blood cell [WBC] flux, and leukocyte-endothelial adhesion [LEA]) were used as indicators of inflammation, and tissue levels of inducible Hsp70, determined using immunoblot assays, provided a marker of cytoprotection. None of the experimental treatments blocked decreases in WBC flux during FMLP suffusion, an indicator of increased low-affinity interactions between leukocytes and vascular endothelium known as rolling adhesion. During FMLP suffusion LEA, an indicator of firm attachment between leukocytes and vascular endothelial cells increased in placebo and gallium nitrate-treated animals but not in heat- and stannous chloride-treated animals, an anti-inflammatory effect. Hsp70 was not detected in aortic tissue from placebo and gallium nitrate-treated animals, indicating that Hsp70-dependent cytoprotection was not present. In contrast, Hsp70 was detected in aortic tissues from heat- and stannous chloride-treated animals, indicating that these tissues were in a cytoprotected state that was also an anti-inflammatory state.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Babesiosis in a renal transplant recipient acquired through blood transfusion.

BACKGROUND: The success of organ-replacement therapies has resulted in a population of chronically immunosuppressed but active people who experience increased vulnerability to tick-borne zoonoses. Several of these infections may be life threatening. Human babesiosis is an emerging zoonosis that is transmitted by the same tick that transmits Lyme disease and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. METHODS: We briefly review these zoonoses and present a case of a renal transplant recipient who survived infection by Babesia microti contracted through blood transfusion. RESULTS: A recipient of a living-related renal transplant developed acute postoperative hemolytic anemia. The etiology of this anemia was diagnosed by peripheral red blood cell smear as Babesia microti. The patient was managed by a reduction in transplant immunosuppressive therapy and administration of clindamycin and quinine antimicrobials. CONCLUSIONS: Transplant patients may contract babesiosis after tick exposure and/or via blood transfusion. The diagnosis of babesiosis may be confused with malaria and should be included in the differential diagnosis of posttransplant hemolytic-uremic syndrome in organ transplant patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Tissue-level cytoprotection.

In vitro and ex vivo tissue models provide a useful level of biological organization for cytoprotection studies positioned between cultured cells and intact animals. We have used 2 such models, primary tissue cultures of winter flounder renal secretory epithelium and ex vivo preparations of rat intestinal tissues, the latter to access the microcirculation of exposed mesentery tissues. Herein we discuss studies indicating that differentiated functions are altered in thermotolerant or cytoprotected tissues. These functions include transepithelial transport in renal epithelium and attachment and transmigration of leukocytes across vascular endothelium in response to mediators of inflammation. Evidence pointing to inflammation as a major venue for the heat shock response in vertebrates continues to mount. One such venue is wound healing. Heat shock proteins are induced early in wound responses, and some are released into the extracellular wound fluid where they appear to function as proinflammatory cytokines. However, within responding cells in the wound, heat shock proteins contribute to the acquisition of a state of cytoprotection that protects cells from the hostile environment of the wound, an environment created to destroy pathogens and essentially sterilize the wound. We propose that the cytoprotected state is an anti-inflammatory state that contributes to limiting the inflammatory response; that is, it serves as a brake on inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Surgical stress and the heat shock response: in vivo models of stress conditioning.

All forms of surgical therapy are stressful and injurious. The majority of surgical procedures are performed electively and provide an opportunity to condition the patient before surgery to maximize outcome. We have successfully protected the spinal cord and kidneys from warm ischemia-reperfusion injury with whole-body heat shock (42.5 degrees C, 15 min, HS) and recovery (37 degrees C, 6-8 h) before acute aortic occlusion. Control rabbits experienced an 88% incidence of paralysis (7/8) after acute spinal cord ischemia, while HS-pretreated animals never became paralyzed (0/9, p < 0.001). Control pig kidneys showed partial function (4/8 survival) after 90-min warm ischemia, while HS-pretreated kidneys always functioned (8/8 survival, p < 0.04). A positive temporal association was made between the HS-associated functional protection and the enhanced expression of inducible HSP70. The induction of the heat-shock response (cellular stress response) to protect tissues from lethal acute ischemia-reperfusion injury could be employed in a wide range of medical and surgical settings.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Organ transplantation at the Hartford Transplant Center.

Over 1,243 organ transplants have been performed at the Hartford Transplant Center over the past two decades. Survival in kidney, heart, liver, and pancreas patients is at or above the national average. Hartford was one of the first centers to use triple immunosuppression, which significantly improved survival in kidney transplantation. For recipients of kidneys from living related donors and cadaveric kidneys, two-year actuarial graft survival has been 98% and 83%, respectively, over the last five years. For heart and liver transplants, two-year survival has been 79% and 67%, respectively. Despite high success rates at most transplant centers, donor organs remain scarce. This problem needs to be addressed through increased cooperative efforts in the health-care community and the general public.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

FK 506 rescue therapy for hepatic allograft rejection: experience with an aggressive approach.

Although initial experiences with FK 506 rescue therapy for acute hepatic allograft rejection have provided promising results, analysis of available data indicates that inferior results are obtained when FK 506 rescue therapy is initiated in the latter stages of rejection. Since its initial availability, we have applied an aggressive approach towards FK 506 rescue therapy based on early conversion and assiduous dosing. We have reviewed our experience with this approach in patients with refractory hepatic allograft rejection to provide an assessment of this approach. Sixteen patients were treated for corticosteroid and OKT3-resistant acute hepatic allograft rejection. Fourteen patients were treated for cellular rejection and 2 for humorally-mediated rejection. Median follow-up was 7.3 months posttransplant and 6.0 months post-initiation of FK 506 therapy. Median time to first rejection was 8 days and median time to FK 506 therapy was 29 days. Laboratory values at the time of initiation of FK 506 therapy included: mean serum bilirubin, 4.0 +/- 3.1 mg/dl and SGPT 136 +/- 105 U/l. Prior to FK 506 therapy, patients received an average of 35.5 +/- 19.1 mg/kg of bolus/taper corticosteroids (prednisone equivalent) and 11.25 +/- 4.8 days of OKT3 therapy. FK 506 therapy was successful in reversing all episodes of rejection. Median time to rejection reversal with FK 506 rescue therapy was 23 days (mean +/- SD, 27.6 +/- 16.7 days) in patients with cellular rejection. Time to rejection reversal was 26 and 28 days in the 2 patients with humoral rejection. Patient and graft survival at 6 months were 100%/100%, and 94%/94% at 12 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Heat shock and tissue protection.

Tissue injury, resulting from ischemia and reperfusion, is a common theme seen in many clinical disease processes. Conditions ranging from hemorrhagic shock in the young trauma victim to myocardial infarction in the elderly have, as part of their pathophysiology, some degree of ischemia and reperfusion. The conditions typical of modern organ preservation are extremely stressful and injurious to living tissues. Organ preservation is a model of ischemia and reperfusion unique to the medical field as it permits the opportunity for preventive interventions. The established fields of thermotolerance and heat-shock biology have focused their studies upon the understanding of the cellular response to hyperthermia. The knowledge gained from these two disciplines shows that the cellular response to heat is an example of a more generalized stress response. Following the acute heat-shock response, the cell rapidly acquires a state of temporary protection against injury due to heat and other noxious conditions such as ischemia and reperfusion. The studies described here illustrate that the purposeful induction of the heat-shock response in whole organs prior to procurement and preservation can successfully protect these tissues against preservation (ischemia) and transplantation (reperfusion) injuries.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Albumin improves islet isolation: specific versus nonspecific effects.

1. BSA-containing solutions improve islet yields using standard collagenase digestion techniques. 2. The BSA effect on islet isolation is independent of source and lot of collagenase. 3. The BSA effect on islet isolation is not due solely to its colloid action, as HES failed to achieve the same level of improvement seen with albumin. 4. BSA can protect islets from warm ischemic injury, and the protective action appears to be unique to albumin, as HES was not as effective.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Heat shock response for ischemic kidney preservation and transplantation.

The heat shock response (HSR) is a form of stress conditioning during which reversible changes in cellular metabolism are rapidly induced by brief exposure to supra-physiologic levels of heat. The nature of these adaptive adjustments has been widely investigated and has received much attention in molecular biology and cancer research. Recent evidence indicates that a basic form of this stress response exists at the cellular level of virtually every organism. Although the physiological phenomenon of HSR is complex, it is well known that it can induce specific proteins, known as heat shock proteins (HSP's), which are not normally synthesized. HSP's become the major proteins synthesized during the heat shock response while normal protein synthesis is suppressed. In addition, the HSR has been demonstrated to confer a transient resistance to the organism to subsequent episodes of stress. Recently it has been reported that the HSR confers protection against cold ischemic injury and extends the cold preservation time of the rat kidney to 48 hours. In this study, we have applied the concept of HSR to the preservation, and transplantation of warm ischemically injured pig kidneys. Since there is a serious shortage of cadaver kidneys available for transplantation worldwide, this number would increase if warm ischemic kidneys could be utilized. However with present methods of organ recovery and preservation, such kidneys are not likely to function after transplantation even if they were removed. We hypothesized that the application of a thermal stress to pig kidneys prior to organ procurement and preservation will enhance the organs' ability to function after warm ischemic injury.

Animals↗