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Biomedical subjects

G A Smart

Publications and source records attributed to G A Smart.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Lead intake and blood lead in two-year-old U.K. urban children.

A comprehensive study of a group of 2-year-old urban children (n = 97), designed to provide quantitative information simultaneously for lead intakes via all identified pathways, has been carried out in Birmingham (U.K.). Results showed that for children whose blood levels and exposure to environmental lead were within the normal range for the U.K., blood lead concentration was significantly related to a combination of house dust lead loading and an overall rate of touching objects, to water lead concentration and to the parents' smoking habits. On the basis of assumptions used by the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (RCEP), the estimated average total uptake of lead was 36 micrograms day-1; of this, 97% was from ingestion from dust, food and water and only 3% from inhalation.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1985

Blood lead concentrations and lead intake in children of different ethnic origin.

Factors affecting blood lead concentrations in three groups of children of different ethnic origin have been investigated. Dietary lead intakes were similar for the three groups, the average lead intakes lay in the range 110-150 micrograms/week. Blood lead concentrations were not related to ethnic origin when the effect of other factors was allowed for. Children who washed their hands before eating had significantly lower blood lead concentrations than those who did not.

Calcifediol↗
PubMed1983

Intakes of copper, zinc, cadmium, tin, iron, nickel and arsenic in a population exposed to lead from water.

Adult diets obtained from a population in Ayr, Scotland, U.K., known to be exposed to lead from water were analysed for arsenic, cadmium, copper, iron, nickel, tin and zinc to assess the intake of these elements. With few exceptions, the concentration of each element varied little from diet to diet, and therefore the range of intakes varied only in proportion to the weights of the diets. With the exception of nickel, the difference between the observed average dietary intakes of the metals studied and those expected on the basis of a nationwide Total Diet Study is largely accounted for on the basis of the differences between the weights of the duplicate diet and the weight for the Total Diet Study.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Dietary surveys on a population at Shipham, Somerset, United Kingdom.

The results are reported of three dietary surveys and crop sampling surveys carried out at Shipham in 1979. Concentrations of cadmium, lead and zinc in crops were higher than would normally be expected. Copper concentrations in crops were normal, and the results for mercury showed that mercury translocation from soil to crops was very low. Although cadmium dietary intakes were found to be greater than those expected from a normal UK diet, dietary lead and zinc intakes were normal. Dietary copper intakes at Shipham were a little lower than national average intakes. Four participants in the duplicate diet study, or 6% of the study population, had cadmium intakes higher than 0.4 mg per week.

Cadmium↗
PubMed1983

Reorganization of the British total diet study for monitoring food constituents from 1981.

A total diet study was developed in the UK in the 1960s to enable the estimation of average intakes of different food constituents of public interest. Since that time the organization of the total diet study has twice been modified, firstly in 1975 and more extensively in 1981. The study now includes 115 foods in 20 groups compared to 68 foods in nine groups in the previous design, and reflects more recent food consumption patterns. The food is purchased in preselected parts of the country by a market research company and the preparation of the diets has been centralized in one laboratory instead of being undertaken by domestic science colleges located in many areas. The reorganization is described and the new total diet study is validated by comparison with a study of the previous design.

Diet Surveys↗