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Biomedical subjects

G A Snook

Publications and source records attributed to G A Snook.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

A review of women's collegiate gymnastics.

A brief review of the injuries in women's collegiate gymnastics is presented, together with a brief analysis of the mechanisms of injury and relative frequency thereof in the different events.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Long-term results of the Chrisman-Snook operation for reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle.

The Chrisman-Snook procedure for instability of the lateral ankle ligaments, first described in 1969, reconstructs the anterior talofibular ligament and the calcaneofibular ligament using one-half of the peroneus brevis tendon, routed through tunnels in the fibula and calcaneus. In the present long-term evaluation of the results of this procedure, forty-eight of sixty ankles, in fifty-seven patients, were assessed after a mean follow-up of ten years (range, four to twenty-four years). The results were excellent in thirty-eight ankles, good in seven, fair in two, and poor in one. The two ankles with a fair result were improved but still had some persistent instability, while the ankle with a poor result (no improvement) was in a patient with generalized ligament laxity. All three patients with a fair or poor result had had a severe reinjury to the ankle. Based on the findings in this study, we concluded that this procedure will restore good long-term function in a high percentage of patients who are disabled by ankle instability due to unhealed or neglected tears of the lateral ligaments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A long-term prospective study of the Hauser and Roux-Goldthwait procedures for recurrent patellar dislocation.

In a prospective study extending from 1966 to 1974, the results of the Hauser procedure were compared with the Roux-Goldthwait procedure for the correction of recurrent dislocations of the patella. In 87 knees in 75 patients, repaired consecutively and in a random manner with one procedure or the other, 100% retrieval was achieved. The average follow-up period was 7.7 years. Significant complications, though not necessarily of long term, occurred in 24 of 47 knees receiving Hauser repairs as compared with 6 of 40 knees in the Roux-Goldthwait group. Satisfactory long-term results were obtained in 72% with the Hauser technique and 93% with the Roux-Goldthwait technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Prevention of venous thromboembolism by administration of hydroxychloroquine. A preliminary report.

A placebo or the antimalarial agent hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil), which inhibits platelet adhesiveness, and, to a lesser extent, platelet aggregation, was given to 100 patients between forty and ninety-five years old (average age, seventy-four years) who had either fractures or orthopaedic operations involving the skeleton between the knee and the pelvis. Medication was started at the time of admission in a blind, randomized way, fifty patients receiving hydroxychloroquine (200 milligrams three times a day) and fifty, a placebo. No untoward bleeding complications were noted in the treated group. Eight instances of thromboembolism were encountered in the control group as compared with one in the hydroxychloroquine-treated group, a statistically significant difference at the 1.5 per cent level.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intermittent claudication in athletes.

All reported cases have occurred in the anterior tibial or rarely peroneal compartments. Case I and V in this series follow this same pattern. Case II and III are unusual in that they are the first recorded cases of this syndrome occuring in the calf of a leg. In Case IV the syndrome was present both in the anterior compartment as well as in the calf. Case III in addition, demonstrated arteriographic evidence of impairment of blood flow preoperatively which was relieved by fasciotomy. It is this author's opinion that this syndrome develops due to obstruction of venous drainage by a rise in pressure in the myofascial compartment with exercise. Perhaps it occurs in athletes because the muscle hypertrophy in these patients in greater than that in the general public and the margin of safety is reduced. It is not necessary to perform complicated or painful investigative studies to make the diagnosis. Kennelly and Blumberg state that "a convincing history is all that is necessary," and the author is in complete agreement with this statement. Fasciotomy gives complete relief and is earnestly recommended both to relieve symptoms and to prevent the catastrophic consequences of muscle necrosis. In fact, in severe cases it is best to advise cessation of physical exercise until the operation can be done in order that this severe complication does not develop.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The injury problem in wrestling.

This paper presents an over-all view of the injuries associated with intercollegiate and interscholastic wrestling as conducted in the United States. It classifies injuries according to the mechanism of injury in wrestling and analyzes these mechanisms together with recommendations for treatment and prevention of these conditions.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The father of sports medicine (Galen).

Although there were many physicians who treated athletes before Galen, I believe that he was the first to devote a major portion of his time to this field of endeavor. Furthermore, his systematic observations, his aggressive pursuit of newer and better ways of treatment, his teaching, and his publishing of his observations make him a kindred soul to the team physician and practitioners of sports medicine of today. It is for these reasons that I believe that he can justly be called the "Father of Sports Medicine."

History, Ancient↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Injuries in women's gymnastics. A 5-year study.

In this 5-year study of women gymnasts, 70 participants (i.e., one woman for one season) sustained 66 major injuries (i.e., brought to the attention of a physician and produced disability). Forty-seven of the 70 athletes sustained injuries. The trunk had the lowest incidence of injuries (11), the upper extremity had 20, and the lower extremity had the highest incidence (35 injuries). Two categories, stress or trauma, segregated the injuries and provided rationale for the high incidence of injuries on this team. These athletes were of national caliber. They were constantly trying to improve performance. They engaged in intensive practice and difficult maneuvers. The self-motivation of these women increased the number of injuries caused by stress (a total of 21); the combination of intensive practice and the maneuvers is responsible for the traumatic injuries (45). From this evidence, women's gymnastics should be recognized as a hazardous sport for the competitor. Risk factors should be evaluated constantly by her, the coach, and the team physician.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Injuries in intercollegiate wrestling. A 5-year study.

A 5-year study of the injuries sustained by a single intercollegiate wrestling team is presented. The total number of injuries, a description of the injuries classified according to anatomical distribution, and mechanism of injury are given. A high incidence of upper body injuries is noted, and comments are made concerning protective measures that can be taken.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The history of sports medicine. Part I.

It is clear that sports medicine is a very old and honorable medical specialty from the early Hindu and Chinese writings through the age of Hippocrates and Galen. From the contributions of Avicenna and Paré to Hitchcock and physicians of our own time, the specialist in sports medicine has played an important role in the development of medical techniques to promote health and fitness and to ensure the safety and well-being of everyone who participates in athletic competition.

Greece↗