Biomedical subjects

G A Ushakova

Publications and source records attributed to G A Ushakova.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

[Thyroid diseases in reproductive-age women living in Shoria mountains].

AIM: To analyze prevalence and structure of thyroid pathology in women of reproductive age living in Shoria mountains. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The examination of 409 women aged 18 to 40 living in mountain Shoria included assessment of social status, heredity, actual nutrition, visit to endocrinologist, ultrasound investigation of the thyroid, tests for thyroid hormones (TTH, T3, T4) in the serum, antibodies to microsomal fractions, iodine concentrations in the morning urine. RESULTS: Significant prevalence of thyroid diseases (62.3%), high rate of diffuse nontoxic goiter of the second degree (18.0%), nodular nontoxic goiter (11.8%), autoimmune thyroiditis (6.3%), hypothyroidism (5.5%), low median of iodine excretion with urine in women refer mountain Shoria to the zone of goiter endemia. CONCLUSION: Among migrants thyroid morbidity is significantly higher than among the native population. Eradication of goiter endemia will promote reproductive health in this region.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Some morphological changes in the rat thyroid gland during experimental hyperphenylalaninemia.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the effect of phenylketonuria on the thyroid gland. In the present study, this problem was investigated by using a defined experimental model of hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA). METHODS: The experimental group was subjected to an HPA regimen (Matsuo and Hommes, 1988. Neurochem. Res., 13:867-870) from the 5th day of postnatal development. The pups were decapitated on the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, and 35th days. The thyroid glands were fixed in Bouin's fluid and routinely embedded in paraffin. The staining techniques used were Mallory-Slinchenko's method, toluidin blue, silver impregnation of the basement membrane, immunohistochemical staining of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). RESULTS: The size of the follicles was less than that in the control group. There were no substantial changes in the epitheliomer structures. In almost all of the treated groups, a reduction in the number of PCNA+, NSE+, and mast cells was observed until the 28th day. On the 28th day of HPA, the level of mast cell degranulation was higher (61%) than that in the control group. On the 35th day, these parameters began to reach normal levels. From the 28th day, degenerative changes in the thyroid glands of treated animals were observed in the NSE+ cells. CONCLUSIONS: The HPA condition mainly has an influence on the number and structure of the NSE+ cells of the thyroid gland. One may assume that under HPA the increase in mast cell degranulation plays a significant role in the normalisation of the parameter of the thyroid gland.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Effect of experimental hyperphenylalaninemia on the postnatal rat brain.

The molecular mechanism of the disturbance of brain development caused by phenylketonuria remains mostly unknown. We have studied three molecular markers that reflect the development of neurons, glia and the extracellular matrix of the postnatal rat brain in an animal model of hyperphenylalaninemia, in order to elucidate the possible mechanism by which increased phenylalanine influences brain development. The content of NCAM, GFAP and hyaluronate-binding activity were compared in cerebellum and telencephalon of normal rats and those subjected to high phenylalanine. No statistically significant changes were found in telencephalon when experimental animals were compared to controls. In the hyperphenylalaninemic cerebellum, the developmental dynamic of NCAM content (represented by two peaks at about postnatal days 5 and 22 during normal development) is dramatically altered. The GFAP content in the cerebellum of treated rats exceeded those in controls significantly during late developmental stages (postnatal days 28-35). Hyaluronate-binding activity in the extracellular protein fraction from treated rat cerebellum was increased compared to normal rat at the early stages of development only (postnatal day 7). These results suggest that high serum phenylalanine may lead to permanent brain dysfunction through a disturbance of a wide range of developmental events.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) distribution may predict the effect of neurotoxins on the brain.

The neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) is a convenient neurospecific marker for investigating the effects of neurotoxins on cell migration, cell recognition and differentiation of neurons during development. In this report, we discuss the developmental toxicity of valproic acid studied by two different approaches (the immunochemical detection of N-CAM content and polypeptide composition, and immunohistochemical analysis of N-CAM topography). Immunohistochemical analysis of distribution of N-CAM as a surface marker on the neural cells predicted the effect of the neurotoxin.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[Phantom research in the individual dosimetric planning of the intracavity irradiation of uterine cancer patients].

The paper is concerned with the results of dose measurements on a uterine phantom under the conditions close to those of the practice of radiotherapy of endometrial cancer patients using the AGAT-B unit. Comparison of experimental and rated dose values made it possible to find points of particular clinical alertness as well as a point of the control of accuracy of dose formation during a radiotherapeutic session.

Brachytherapy↗

PubMed1990

[The optimization of the dosimetric plan in the intracavity radiotherapy of patients with cancer of the corpus uteri].

The potentialities of mathematical optimization were investigated with respect to dosimetric design of radiation therapy of endometrial cancer patients using AGAT-V and AGAT-VU [correction of Agat-B and Agat-Y] apparatus. The effectiveness of linear programming for creating in a pathological focus and in normal tissues of a dose distribution, meeting clinical requirements to the maximum, was shown.

Brachytherapy↗

PubMed1990

[Use of optimizing programs of dosimetric planning in radiotherapy of gynecologic cancer].

Radiation treatment of cervical and uterine cancer (intracavitary and combined irradiation using the ATAT-B, Rokus and 15M1 accelerator) is discussed to illustrate the effectiveness of mathematic procedures for choosing optimal dose regimens to suit for the anatomic peculiarities of a patient and the clinical setting.

Brachytherapy↗

PubMed1989

[Dosimetric planning in the radiation therapy of patients with cancer of the corpus uteri].

The paper deals with application of computerized procedures for dose planning in intracavitary irradiation of endometrial carcinoma from the Agat-B source. Computer calculations of dosage measured at some basic points of reference as well as dose distribution in different schedules of multipositional irradiation of carcinoma are presented. Lateral position of single-source applicators and central position of a 4-5 source applicator proved to offer most advantage. Radiobiologic aspects of planning radiation treatment for endometrial carcinoma versus dose rate in application of three-position technique of intracavitary irradiation are discussed.

Brachytherapy↗

PubMed1989

[Individualization of the dosimetric requirements of intracavitary irradiation in the radiotherapy of gynecologic patients].

The authors proposed a method of dosimetric planning in intracavitary irradiation taking into account the individual features of a patient, including the status of the uterus during the introduction of radiation sources into its cavity. To simulate the dynamics of a resultant uterus shift a special device was developed to obtain information required for individual planning. The proposed method is aimed at the prevention of undesirable radiation reactions and complications in healthy organs.

Brachytherapy↗

PubMed1984