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Biomedical subjects

G Addonizio

Publications and source records attributed to G Addonizio.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Structural change in dopamine D2 receptor gene in a patient with neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

Dysfunction of the dopaminergic system has been suggested as a pathogenic mechanism in neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Therefore, we examined the complete coding sequences of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene for structural abnormalities in 12 patients with a history of NMS, including two cases of familial NMS. Mutational analysis was performed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), a highly sensitive technique for detecting sequences differences. We found in one patient with a history of NMS a nucleotide substitution at codon 310 (CCG-->TCG) of exon 7 of the DRD2 gene which predicts the replacement of proline to serine in the third cytoplasmic loop of the receptor, a part of the receptor that interacts with G-proteins. A larger series of patients with NMS needs to be investigated to establish whether this allele is associated with an increased susceptibility to NMS.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Recurrence of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

Presumptive risk factors for recurrence of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) and clinical evidence for its pathogenesis are discussed. All earlier reports describing patients who have had NMS and who were either safely restarted on neuroleptic or who developed recurrence are reviewed. The authors also present their own experiences with both outcomes. Possible risk factors for recurrent NMS are administration of high-potency neuroleptics and reintroduction of neuroleptics before the initial episode of NMS has completely resolved. Bipolar disorder and concomitant use of lithium may predispose to NMS and therefore could also heighten the risk of recurrence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Increased extrapyramidal symptoms with addition of lithium to neuroleptics.

To explore whether lithium exacerbates neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), the authors prospectively rated 10 patients on neuroleptics before and after the addition of lithium. EPS ratings increased steadily after the initiation of lithium and were significantly elevated compared with baseline. Individual items that increased significantly were: gait, shoulder shaking, elbow rigidity, and tremor. These findings indicate that usual therapeutic levels of lithium may significantly worsen neuroleptic-induced EPS. Potential mechanisms for this interaction are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Drug-induced dystonia in young and elderly patients.

This retrospective study examined the common notion that neuroleptic-induced dystonia is less frequent in elderly patients. The hospital records of 45 young patients and 45 elderly patients were reviewed. Thirty-one percent of the young patients developed dystonia, compared to 2% of the elderly patients. This significant difference did not appear to be the result of types of neuroleptics used, dose, or concomitant administration of anticholinergic drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: review and analysis of 115 cases.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a potentially fatal consequence of neuroleptic use that has recently gained wide attention. In this article the authors critically review the previous literature and analyze all case reports in the English-language literature (115 cases) for 43 variables. The results are discussed in light of prior literature, and recommendations are made for future research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

ECT as a treatment alternative for patients with symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

The use of ECT as a treatment alternative in a clinical situation in which it is difficult to determine whether the patient is suffering from neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) or an evolving catatonic state is investigated. Fourteen cases from the literature are reviewed and 3 new cases are presented. In 6 cases, ECT was rapidly effective in treating symptoms of NMS, but cardiac arrhythmias were reported in 4 cases. There was no evidence of malignant hyperthermia (MH) in patients receiving succinylcholine, suggesting that an association between NMS and MH may not be clinically relevant in patients being treated with ECT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Reinduction of neuroleptic malignant syndrome by lithium.

The psychopharmacologic management of psychotic patients who have had neuroleptic malignant syndrome poses a dilemma for clinicians. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome can recur when neuroleptics are readministered, but there are equal numbers of reports of safe resumption of neuroleptic treatment in patients who have had the syndrome. In an effort to avoid reexposure to neuroleptics, the authors treated two bipolar patients who were clinically recovered from episodes of neuroleptic malignant syndrome with lithium alone. Both patients rapidly developed recurrent neuroleptic malignant syndrome after only 300 and 1,200 mg of lithium, respectively. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are reviewed, although a definitive explanation for such a sudden and dramatic toxic effect is not available.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in 82 consecutive inpatients.

This study, a retrospective chart review of 82 consecutive male inpatients, assessed the spectrum and prevalence of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The prevalence of diagnosed neuroleptic malignant syndrome (2.4%) was greater than that generally reported. Eight additional patients manifested symptoms that abated without cessation of neuroleptic treatment. This suggests that neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a spectrum disorder that has milder variants. Affective illness may be a risk factor for its development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Assortative mating in primary affective disorder.

Psychiatric illness in spouses of patients with primary affective disorder was determined and compared to psychiatric illness in spouses of a nonpsychiatrically ill control group. An increase in affective illness in wives of bipolar male patients with affective disorder was found. There was no increase in affective illness among husbands of female patients. Marital status of these patients was evaluated and the percentages of patients who had never married or who had married but had ever been divorced or separated were similar to control data. Several of the marriages were quite stable over long time periods in spite of the severe recurrent affective illness experienced by these patients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗