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Biomedical subjects

G Akner

Publications and source records attributed to G Akner.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Immunocytochemical localization of glucocorticoid receptor in human gingival fibroblasts and evidence for a colocalization of glucocorticoid receptor with cytoplasmic microtubules.

The cellular distribution of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in relation to various intracellular and plasma membrane structures in human fibroblasts was studied using indirect immunofluorescence techniques with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. During interphase, GR was located predominantly in the cytoplasm, showing a similar pattern as tubulin. In mitotic cells, GR and tubulin were localized in mitotic spindles and in telophase midbodies. Colchicine and vinblastine induced a similar redistribution of GR and tubulin to the cell periphery. This redistribution was reversible for colchicine but not for vinblastine. Vinblastine also induced paracrystals containing GR and tubulin. These results support the hypothesis that GR interacts in vivo with cytoplasmic microtubules.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed1988

Adrenocorticotropin and cortisol response to lysine vasopressin in relation to the outcome of the dexamethasone suppression test in major depressive disorder.

The pathophysiology behind the abnormalities of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal cortex axis found in patients with major depressive disorder was studied by the use of the vasopressin test. The response of plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol to the injection of 10 IU lysine-vasopressin (LVP) was investigated in 18 patients meeting the DSM-III criteria for major depressive episode. The response was correlated to the outcome of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) with the use of two different cut-off points, 139 nmol/l and 200 nmol/l respectively. The results show that no significant difference was found in ACTH or cortisol response between patients having a normal or abnormal DST. The results do not seem to support the hypothesis that the abnormalities of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal cortex axis involve a hypersecretion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and a subsequent desensitization of the corticotrophs to CRF-stimulated ACTH release.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1985

Intramuscular ceruletide does not affect food intake in obese and non-obese human subjects.

Intramuscular ceruletide or placebo was given in a randomized double-blind crossover design to 12 non-obese and 12 obese individuals, 30 min before a palatable lunch meal. No significant effects were found on the amount of food intake or the hunger ratings in any group. Although rapid CCK or ceruletide infusions have been found in some studies to reduce food intake in man and animals, slow infusions have increased food intake. Under the present study conditions, the moderate rate of release of ceruletide from intramuscular depots did not affect the food intake.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Elderly peoples' meals. A comparative study between elderly living in a nursing home and frail, self-managing elderly.

BACKGROUND: Sweden is one of few countries that have specific recommendations regarding mealtime habits. The importance of mealtime habits for health outcome is inadequately studied in elderly subjects. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of the daily meals/energy intake; the number of eating episodes per day and subjectively estimated meal-dependent variables (appetite, motivation to eat, sense of taste and sense of smell) and compare the results of elderly living in a nursing home with frail, self-managing elderly living at home. DESIGN: Explorative study. All analyses of energy intake were based on food records; weighed in the nursing home and estimated in the frail, self-managing elderly. Participants or contact persons estimated the subjective variables using a 10-point VAS scale. RESULTS: On average there were 4-5 daily eating episodes in both groups. The eating episodes were much more widespread over the day in the self-managing elderly, and their length of fasting at night was significantly shorter. The subjects estimated appetite and sense of smell was reduced in about 30-40% in both groups. Sense of taste was reduced in 40 % of the males and 10-20 % of the females. Energy intake was similar in both groups, 25 kcal/kg body weight/day, with more than a threefold variation among individual subjects. Energy intake/kg body weight correlated with a shorter length of fasting at night in the nursing home residents, however, did not correlate with ADL, number of eating episodes per day, appetite, motivation to eat, or senses of taste or smell. CONCLUSION: The self-managing elderly had more widespread eating episodes than the elderly in the nursing home, indicating that self-managing elderly exhibit larger variations in food intake preferences, however, without affecting mean energy intake. The lack of correlation between energy intake and estimated appetite, taste and smell is in line with previous findings in elderly.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Repeated assessment of energy and nutrient intake in 52 nursing home residents.

UNLABELLED: Studies in Swedish nursing-home patients have shown a high prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition. One potential cause for this may be low food intake. OBJECTIVE: To examine the intake of energy and nutrients in the residents of a nursing home; to investigate changes in dietary intake and body-weight over time and to analyze two-year-mortality. DESIGN: Explorative study. Five-day weighed assessment of food intake repeated three times during 1.5 years. Analysis of body composition at baseline and recording of body weight every third month. Analysis of two-year mortality. RESULTS: Fifty-two residents had three complete dietary assessments. Mean age 84 +/- 7 years, 79% were female. Mean body weight was stable at 61 kg. Mean energy intake at baseline was 1501 kcal/d (25 kcal/kg/d) and mean protein intake was 53 g/d (0.9 g/kg/d). Mean intake of vitamin D, vitamin E, folic acid, selenium and dietary fibre was less than 60% of recommended. At the second assessment intake of energy and many nutrients was higher than at baseline, but at the third assessment intake had decreased. There was no correlation between energy intake and body weight over time. Two-year mortality was 52%. Male gender and low body-weight constituted an increased risk of mortality. Comparing survivors and non-survivors showed that the mean body weight was 9 kg higher in the survivors throughout the study (p=0.02). This group had a relatively lower fat free mass and higher fat mass than the non-survivors. The difference in body composition was only seen in females, possibly due to the low number of males. The survivors had higher intakes of most nutrients but this reached significance only for a few of them. The non-survivors had significantly higher intakes of sucrose. CONCLUSION: Intake of energy and many nutrients was low in these nursing-home patients, and decreased further after one year, without any change in body weight. The significant positive relation between energy intake and body weight at group level disappeared when analyzing data at an individual level. Male gender and low body weight were associated with increased risk of mortality.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Resting metabolic rate in elderly nursing home patients with multiple diagnoses.

BACKGROUND: In the diseased elderly weight loss and malnutrition are common. It is unclear to what degree this is caused by an elevated resting metabolic rate (RMR), a decreased energy intake or a combination of the two. OBJECTIVE: To measure RMR and nutrient induced thermogenesis (NIT) in chronically diseased elderly living in a nursing home and test for a correlation with fat free mass (FFM), age, energy intake and activities of daily living (ADL). DESIGN: Explorative study performed in the residents' own apartments. RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry, and NIT was tested by giving the subjects an oral fluid test meal, then measuring metabolic rate again one hour later. Body composition was measured anthropometrically and FFM was calculated. Energy intake was calculated from a five-day record of weighed food. BMR was calculated using four different prediction equations and compared with measured RMR. RESULTS: RMR was 1,174 kcal/d (29.3 kcal/kg FFM/d). The variation in RMR was significantly related to FFM (p < 0.0001). Energy intake was 1,474 kcal/d, (36.5 kcal/kg FFM/d). The energy intake/RMR ratio, was 1.27, and NIT was 15% (0-33%). NIT was not correlated to any of the parameters tested. The equation of Harris and Benedict underestimated BMR by 4%; the WHO/FAO overestimated BMR by 7%; Schofield and an estimate of 20 kcal/kg/d did not significantly differ from the measured mean. CONCLUSION: RMR was closely correlated to FFM. Variations in NIT could not be explained by any tested parameters. Predicted BMR differed from measured RMR by less than 8% in all methods, but individual variations were large.

Activities of Daily Living↗