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Biomedical subjects

G Albrecht

Publications and source records attributed to G Albrecht.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

CD36 peptides enhance or inhibit CD36-thrombospondin binding. A two-step process of ligand-receptor interaction.

CD36 (glycoprotein IV or IIIB) is an integral plasma membrane protein of wide cellular distribution and functions as a receptor site for thrombospondin (TSP), an adhesive protein important in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. OKM5, a monoclonal anti-CD36 antibody, has been reported to block CD36 cell adhesive functions suggesting that the OKM5 epitope on CD36 is functionally important. A panel of 10 synthetic CD36 peptides was made. One peptide, P139-155, specifically inhibited the immunoadsorption of CD36 by OKM5, and P139-155 was directly immunoadsorbed by OKM5, indicating that CD36 sequence 139-155 represents part of the OKM5 epitope. TSP bound to immobilized P139-155 in a dose-dependent and saturable manner. Surprisingly, P139-155 significantly augmented, instead of inhibited, binding of CD36 to TSP. This peptide did not induce platelet aggregation but augmented ADP- and collagen-induced aggregation in platelet-rich plasma. Another CD36 peptide, P93-110, which had no effect on OKM5 immunoadsorption, blocked binding of CD36 to immobilized TSP and partially inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation. P93-110 by itself did not bind to TSP; however, in the presence of P139-155, there was a marked enhancement of P93-110 binding to TSP, with a stoichiometry consistent with the trimeric nature of TSP. The data suggest that CD36-TSP interaction is a two-step process; the sequence 139-155 region of CD36 binds first to TSP, triggering a change in TSP to reveal a second site, which binds the 93-110 region of CD36 with high affinity. CD36 peptides can be used as stimulators or inhibitors in cellular adhesive events involving TSP-CD36 interaction. Conformational changes leading to the exposure or activation of high affinity binding sites may occur in both the receptor and the ligand upon cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

[Stabilization and function of liposomes].

Liposomes stability can be improved by covering them with polysaccharide derivatives. The anchoring mechanism of these derivatives into the lipid membrane has been studied and explained. In order to improve liposome specificity, protein transfer from erythrocytes and platelets into liposome membrane has been carried out. The effect of a newly developed phospholipid, DDPC, on the efficiency and the selectivity of protein transfer is reported.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1991

Incidence and mortality of malignant melanoma in Berlin (West) from 1980 to 1986.

Newly diagnosed melanomas were investigated utilizing the histological reports from the 4 Departments of dermatology as well as from 3 Departments of pathology in Berlin (West) during the years 1980-86. The study included 960 melanomas and documented the histological features, age, gender and nationality of the patients involved. 936 patients were Germans (379 males, 557 females), and the mean age-adjusted incidence rate (for the European standard population) was 7.1 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year for both genders with an increase between 1980-81 and 1985-86 in men from 6.0 to 9.8 and in women from 5.8 to 7.8/100,000 and year. Thus a 49% increase in incidence was observed for both genders combined during a 5-year period. In this study, a preponderance of male incidence rates was observed for the first time in Germany. Interestingly, the age-adjusted incidence rate for the Turkish population, which is the largest foreign population with more than 100,000 inhabitants in Berlin, was only 1.3/100,000 and year. 162 men and 145 women died of melanoma in the time period examined. From 1980-81 to 1985-86, the age-adjusted mortality rate changed from 3.5 to 2.6 for men and from 1.2 to 1.6 for women per 100,000 and year, thus revealing a slight decrease in mortality for both genders combined.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Quantitative histologic studies of the gonads of sand rats (Psammomys obesus) during the development of diabetes mellitus].

Quantitative-histological investigations (point counting method) are pointed out in 27 male and 15 female sand rats. The animals are divided in the IGT (impaired glucose tolerance), the diabetic and the control group. The LEYDIG cells are in the IGT-group increased, and in the diabetic group decreased. The female sand rats are characterized by the tendency of increase of size and number of follicles in the IGT-group. Corpora lutea are reduced but atretic follicles are increased in the diabetic group. The ovaries are greater in diabetic sand rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Experiences with fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid gland].

It is reported on 155 fine needle aspiration biopsies of the thyroid gland which above all were performed in cold nodes. In 81.9% of the cases unconspicuous cell pictures or cystico-regressive changes were present. Of the 17 findings suspicuous of malignoma (11%) hitherto 2 could histologically be diagnosed as carcinomas and 3 as adenomas with considerable regressive changes. The additionally established frequency of nodular strumas and cold nodes in 547 scintigraphically examined patients had the results of 54% nodular strumas and 48.4% of cold nodes in the total material. In 90.2% the nodular strumas revealed cold nodes. The rate of malignomas of all preparations of operations of the thyroid gland was altogether at 2.9% subtracting the secondary malignant processes 2.4% were found. These findings as well as the positive data from literature give the fine needle aspiration biopsy an important role in supplementing the morphologic diagnostics and the early recognition of malignomas of the thyroid gland.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[The development of child pathology within the framework of pathology and pediatrics. A medico-historical review].

1. The history of child pathology is derived from the description of the development of the an pathological anatomy and paediatry. 2. The pathological anatomy of infancy is basing on the research results of the general and special pathology, the pathological physiology and the clinical medicine by the help of the experiment and the knowledges of biology, chemistry, and physics. 3. Further decisive impulses are given by social medicine.

Allergy and Immunology↗
PubMed1978

Polymorphism of apolipoprotein E. I. Methodological aspects and diagnosis of hyperlipoproteinemia type III without ultracentrifugation.

Two methods for phenotyping apolipoprotein E are compared. One is based on preparation of VLDL by conventional ultracentrifugation, whereas the other uses heparin/Mg precipitation of VLDG. In principle, the same results were obtained by both methods. However, the group limits for the three different phenotypes Apo E-N, Apo E-ND and Apo E-D were slightly different by the two methods. Phenotype Apo E-D - the phenotype characterizing type III dyslipoproteinemia - is clearly definable by both methods. Hence the precipitation-I.E.F. method for Apo E phenotyping provides a simple tool for genetic and population genetic studies and also for the routine diagnosis of hyperlipoproteinemia type III, based on the only specific marker known for this disease.

Apolipoproteins↗
PubMed1978

Pancreatic and hepatic balances of endogenous insulin and of glucose in the anaesthetized dog during primed and non-primed infusions of glucose and of mannitol.

Simultaneous monitoring of pancreatic and hepatic blood flows and serial analyses of blood glucose and immunoreactive insulin activity in arterial, portal, intestinal and hepatic venous blood were performed in anaesthetized laparotomized dogs. Based on these measurements, the rates of pancreatic insulin secretion, of hepatic insulin uptake and the hepatic glucose balance were computed. Under basal conditions pancreatic output was about 40% of the total hepatic insulin input. 30% of hepatic insulin inflow were actually taken up in the liver. During a primed i.v. glucose infusion (steady blood glucose concentration about 330 mg/100 ml) pancreatic and hepatic blood flows increase rapidly and the insulin secretion exhibits a biphasic pattern. The relative part of hepatic insulin inflow taken up in the liver remained unchanged. A non-primed i.v. glucose infusion provoked a slow increase of blood flow and a rapid but monophasic increase of insulin release. Under these conditions the relative hepatic insulin uptake was transiently increased. During both loads hepatic glucose balance switched from release to uptake. However the non-primed infusion was more effective. When pancreatic and hepatic blood flows were increased without any blood glucose alteration by an infusion of mannitol, insulin secretion did not change; hepatic uptake of insulin decreased, but hepatic glucose output was clearly reduced. A correlation between the rates of insulin secretion, of hepatic insulin inflow and of insulin uptake was observed under all conditions. However, the hepatic glucose balance was correlated to the inflow of insulin or glucose and to the hepatic insulin uptake under certain conditions in individual experiments only.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Metastizing basalioma. A case contribution].

A case of a metastasizing basal cell carcinoma that began 24 years earlier as a rodent ulcer on the back is reported. Histologically there were strands of characteristic basal cell type cells and, in addition, areas of squamous cell differentiation. The problem of "epithelioma metatypique" is discussed. The autopsy showed pure basal cell metastases in the lungs, the paraaortal lymph nodes and penetration of the tumor masses into the vena cava inferior. The unsufficient treatment by X-ray seems to be a conditioning factor by injuring the surrounding stroma.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

The effect of tris(2-chloroethyl)amine on human hemoglobin.

The reaction of tris(2-chloroethyl)amine (TCEA) with purified hemoglobin and its effect on properties of hemoglobin was studied using 14C-labeled TCEA. Hemoglobin remained soluble after binding as much as 4 TCEA per heme. In concentrations which did not denature hemoglobin TCEA reacted only with a small proportion of the free SH groups; blockade of the SH groups with PMB did not noticeably affect the binding of TCEA to hemoglobin. Hydrolysis by trypsin or chymotrypsin of hemoglobin which had reacted with TCEA yielded radioactive peptides besides not radioactive peptides and radioactive compounds not reacting with ninhydrin. The reaction with TCEA caused a change in electrophoretic mobility of hemoglobin and prevented its complete disintegration by PMB into subunits. After reaction with TCEA the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen was strongly increased and the heme-heme interaction strongly diminished. The Bohr effect and the effect of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate on oxygen affinity remained unchanged. The effect of TCEA on the properties of hemoglobin points to specificity in its reaction with functional groups of hemoglobin.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1976

[Relations between portal and peripheral venous insulin, proinsulin and glucagon concentrations after oral glucose in man].

During cholecystectomy a catheter was inserted into the V. porta via V. umbilicalis. 7 or 8 days later an oral glucose tolerance test was performed (100 g). Blood glucose, insulin (IRI), proinsulin-like material (PLM), and pancreatic glucagon (IRG) concentrations were determined in portal as well as in peripheral venous blood. 5 out of 6 patients showed a disturbed carbohydrate tolerance in comparison to 53 healthy subjects. The IRI increased promptly after the oral glucose load. The portal IRI-concentrations are significantly enhanced in comparison to the peripheral levels, but between both a positive correlation exists (r = 0.9447; p less than 0.01). PLM was slightly increased in the first 10 minutes. The basal IRG levels were not enhanced. Significant differences between the portal and peripheral IRG concentrations could not be observed. The correlation coefficient was 0.8902. Thus, the peripheral venous concentrations of IRI, PLM and IRG can be used as a diagnostic tool of pancreatic hormone secretion in man.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

[Pulmonary fibrosis after busulfan therapy].

After a short review concerning the side-effect of busulfan (myleran) a case of a myleran lung in a 45-year-old male patient is described who received altogether 408.0 mg myleran, as he suffered from a chronic myeloic leucosis; the special literature is cited and the developmental mechanisms are discussed.

Busulfan↗
PubMed1975

[Diabetes and pregnancy - a clinical and statistical analysis of 1800 pregnancies and deliveries in the years 1952 - 1971. 3. Birth weights percent values of newborn infants of diabetic mothers and further studies on the birth weight].

Newborn babies of diabetic mothers have a higher birth weight in comparison with newborns of nondiabetic mothers in the same gestational age (35. to 39. week). Body weight percentiles were estimated for new borns of diabetics (excluding stillborn babies), it was to be shown that birth weight lower than 2750 gm in the 38. to 39. gestational week (less than 10. percentile) characterizes "small for gestational age babies". Not any influence of maternal blood glucose values during the second part of pregnancy was to be seen. Severe toxaemias and vascular-renal complications (WHITE-class F) were statistically significant correlated with underweight in newborns. The lowest perinatal mortality was found in the weight class 3500 to 3999 gm.

Birth Weight↗