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Biomedical subjects

G Altmann

Publications and source records attributed to G Altmann.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
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Laboratory surveillance of synergy between and resistance to trimethoprim and sulfonamides.

Results of susceptibility tests of Enterobacteriaceae isolated at 14 different centers demonstrate synergy between trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) against sulfonamide-susceptible isolates, which account for between less than 50% and greater than 75% of the isolates at different centers. Only 1%-4% of the isolates of Escherichia coli or Proteus mirabilis from the five centers in the United States were found to be resistant when tested with a disk containing both TMP and SMZ, but greater than 8% of such isolates from five of the other centers were resistant to the combination disk. A larger percentage of isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae or Serratia marcescens were resistant, but the number varied from center to center. In the United States, resistance of human and animal isolates of Salmonella to the TMP-SMZ combination was almost completely absent, although greater than 50% of the animal isolates were resistant to sulfonamides. At a center that tested TMP and SMZ resistance with separate disks, resistance to TMP was found to be 30 times more common in sulfonamide-resistant than in sulfonamide-susceptible E. coli. This ratio may be useful as a monitor as treatment with TMP alone increases.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis as a diagnostic tool in bacterial otitis media.

The diagnostic efficiency of countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and correlation of clinical and bacteriological data were studied in 184 middle ear effusions (MEE) from 125 patients diagnosed as acute primary, acute recurrent otitis media, and chronic MEE. Significant differences between stage of otitis media (OM), patient age and type of MEE were found. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated in 22% of the overall MEE, 26% in the acute primary and 26% in acute recurrent OM. Among the S. pneumoniae isolates, 82.5% were detected by CIE and culture, 15% only by culture and 2.5% only by CIE. Most S. pneumoniae isolates identified by culture and CIE were in a purulent MEE (64%) while those identified by culture only were in a mucoid MEE (67%). Haemophilus influenzae overall incidence was 29%; 13% of them produced beta-lactamase and only 4% were serotype b. The H. influenzae serotype b strains were detected by culture as well as CIE, so the overall effectiveness of CIE for S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae serotype b was 19.5% and 22 to 23% for acute primary and recurrent OM. Sterile cultures were obtained in 37.5% of the overall MEE. The CIE seems to be a useful screening test, culture remaining the method for definitive bacterial identification in MEE.

Bacterial Infections↗