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Biomedical subjects

G Androutsos

Publications and source records attributed to G Androutsos.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

p16 inactivation associated with aggressive clinical course and fatal outcome in TEL/AML1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

The authors describe a 7-year-old boy with TEL/AML1-positive pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia, with hemizygous 9p21 deletion at presentation and no p16(INK4A) protein expression. Despite an initial response to a standard chemotherapy regimen, the patient suffered two hematologic relapses and died 34 months after diagnosis. The authors discuss the possibility that complete p16(INK4A) gene inactivation may adversely modify the prognostic significance of TEL/AML1 fusion in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and present evidence from clinical and in vitro observations in favor of this assumption.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed2001

[Eunuchism in Byzantium].

The purpose of this article is to present the various types of eunuchs, the castration techniques and the modification observed on males due to castration.

Byzantium↗
PubMed2001

[The urologic work of Thomas Jonnesco (1860-1926)].

Thomas Ionescu, eminent Rumanian surgeon and anatomist, was a great ambassador of french medicine. Politician and patriot, he was founder of modern rumanian experimental surgery and initiator of general rachi-anaesthesia. Among his innumerable scientific works we underline the urologic part of them and especially his original method of nephropexy.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed2000

[Napoleon III's urogenital disease (1808-1873)].

We tried through this paper to reconstitute the evolution of the urologic illness of Napoleon III, last emperor of France, the first symptoms of which appeared many years before the fatal war of 1870, which led to the dismembering of France. In this connection, we present Napoleon III's physicians and his cures, along with the diagnostic and therapeutic errors. The case of Napoleon III is a typical example of the influence the bad health of a sovereign can exercise on the destiny of his country.

Famous Persons↗
PubMed1999

The differential effect of pentoxifylline on cytokine production by alveolar macrophages and its clinical implications.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and GM-CSF by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated alveolar macrophages (AM). AM and peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) from 10 patients were cultured for 24 h in the presence of LPS (10 micrograms ml-1) and PTX at concentrations of 2.0 mM, 1.0 mM, 0.5 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.01 mM. TNF-alpha and GM-CSF were measured from the culture supernatants of both the AM and PBM from all 10 patients and IL-1 beta and IL-6 from the culture supernatants of the AM from five patients. The TNF-alpha production by AM was significantly suppressed in the presence of PTX at concentrations of 2.0 and 1.0 mM, while production of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and GM-CSF remained unaffected. In PBM cultures, PTX significantly suppressed the production of TNF-alpha and GM-CSF, at all tested concentrations. The present study provides evidence that PTX selectively suppresses the production of TNF-alpha by LPS-stimulated AM and may have a role in the treatment of lung diseases where TNF-alpha is involved. The mode of administration of PTX should take into account the suppressive effect of this drug on GM-CSF production by PBM.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[John Hunter (1728-1793): founder of scientific surgery and precursor of urology].

The author briefly presents the life and scientific work of the founder of experimental surgery, John Hunter, who made an enormous contribution to the development of urology by his research and books concerning this discipline, which, up until then, simply constituted a branch of surgery. Several examples of his urological work are presented, emphasizing his oncological concepts concerning testicular tumours.

England↗
PubMed1996

[Spyridion Oeconomos (1886-1975): an eminent Greek urologist and ambassador of Hippocratic ideas: 20 years after his death].

Through this article, 20 years after the death of professor Spyridion Oeconomos, we are trying to frame the portrait of this outstanding Greek scientist. His most important contributions to medicine and hippocratism are the following: Inspirer and founder of the International Hippocratic Foundation of Kos. - Initiator and realizer of the medical affiliation of the following three cities: Kos, Salerno and Montpellier. - Founder of the chair of urology in the medical school of the university of Athens. - Outstanding organizer of several international medical congresses (In 1955 the 10th international congress of urology, in 1958 the 4th international congress of neo-hippocratism, in 1960 the 17th international congress of the history of medicine).

Greece↗
PubMed1995

[Bladder surgery and the Hippocratic oath].

Referring to the famous prohibition "I will not cut persons laboring under the stone but will leave this to be done by practitioners of this work", which appears in the hippocratic oath, the authors attempt an explanation of the real meaning of this phrase. They come to the conclusion that through this prohibition Hippocrates favoured the birth of urology, protecting his students from the danger of professional defamation.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1994

[Sexuality in Ancient Egypt].

The present article explores the sexuality in ancient Egypt. In particular in this article are presented the ways of concubinage (marriage, concubinage, adultery), the incest, loves of the pharaohs and of the common people, the freedom of choice in garments, the status of the hetairas and of the whores, the sexual perversions (male and female homosexuality, necrophilia, sodomism, bestiality, rape, masturbation, exhibitionism), the operations of the genitals (circumcision, excision, castration) and finally the level of knowledge in gynaecology, fertility, contraception and obstetrics that even today demands our admiration.

Castration↗