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Biomedical subjects

G Anestad

Publications and source records attributed to G Anestad.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Infertility and chlamydial infection.

The prevalence of humoral IgG and IgM antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis was determined in 105 infertile women who underwent laparoscopy and/or laparatomy, and 90 pregnant women without any known fertility problems (control group). For chlamydial culture, cervical and urethral specimens were collected both from the infertile and the pregnant women, whereas specimens from the fallopian tubes were collected from the infertile women only. Among infertile subjects with abnormal fallopian tube findings, the prevalence of IgG as well as IgM antibodies to C. trachomatis was significantly higher than in the control group (P less than or equal to 0.001). Similar statistically significant differences in antichlamydial geometric mean titer (GMT) also were observed in sera from infertile subjects with fallopian tube abnormalities and the controls. The chlamydial isolation rate from lower genital samples was low both among the infertile and pregnant women. All tubal samples were culture negative. The present study indicates a close connection between infertility of tubal etiology and an immune response to C. trachomatis. The possibility of active or recent chlamydial activity in at least some of these infertile subjects is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Surveillance of respiratory viral infections by rapid immunofluorescence diagnosis, with emphasis on virus interference.

During the 7-year period from September 1978 to August 1985, smear specimens of nasopharyngeal secretions from 3132 patients mainly hospitalized children, taken in different regions in Norway, were examined for respiratory viruses by the rapid immunofluorescence (IF) technique. A positive diagnosis for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus type 1, 2 and 3 or influenza A and B virus was made for 896 patients (29%). The greatest prevalence for all these viruses was observed during the colder months with only sporadic cases during the summer months. A relative increase in parainfluenza virus activity, involving several parainfluenza virus types, was observed in every second autumn and during these periods only sporadic cases of RSV infection were diagnosed. Also both RSV and parainfluenza viruses were less frequently found during influenza virus epidemics and regional differences in RSV activity were observed. During the four autumn periods 1982-85 the monthly number of positive virus identifications by IF followed an epidemic curve, while the corresponding number of negative samples was relatively constant. The results of this study suggest interference between RSV, parainfluenza viruses and influenza virus in reaching their epidemiological peaks. It is suggested that interferon might be a mediator of this effect.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Surveillance of respiratory viral infections by rapid immunofluorescence diagnosis, with emphasis on the epidemiological development of respiratory syncytial virus infections.

Surveillance of certain respiratory viral infections by applying immunofluorescence (IF) examinations to samples of nasopharyngeal secretions has been evaluated using a simplified procedure for the preparation of cell smears. Samples from 711 children living in different parts of Norway were examined during the winter 1982/83 and a positive diagnosis was made for 290 children (41%). Temporal epidemic peaks were observed for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus type 3 and influenza virus. On the other hand, the monthly number of negative samples was almost constant throughout the period. Differences in timing of RSV outbreaks were observed between two regions in Norway. Compared to rapid IF diagnosis, RSV notifications obtained by serological examinations were delayed by several weeks. Rapid virus diagnosis by IF examinations with our simplified procedure for preparation of nasopharyngeal samples seems to be suitable for the epidemiological surveillance of respiratory viral infections, both for its simplicity of preparation of the samples and for its accuracy in defining the time of the actual virus infection. Nevertheless, the method is not without pitfalls; a close cooperation between those who take the specimens and the laboratory is essential, and the IF examinations should be performed by an experienced microscopist.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1983

Rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza A virus infections by immunofluorescence: experience with a simplified procedure for the preparation of cell smears from nasopharyngeal secretions.

A simplified procedure for preparing direct smears of exfoliated cells from nasopharyngeal secretions is presented. The specimens were examined by the indirect immunofluorescence (IF) technique for the presence of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus and influenza A virus antigens. Specimens from 457 children hospitalised at twelve different hospital departments in Norway were examined during the winter season 1980-81. RS virus was identified in samples from 139 children and influenza A virus from 28. Results of IF examinations for RS virus were copositive with serology in 19 of 23 cases (83%) and with probably no false positive results. Samples from 29 children were also prepared by the conventional washing technique. RS virus was identified in 18 of these specimens. Seventeen of these were also found positive by the simplified method. This comparison was done blind. Compared to results of virus isolation and serology the IF examinations for influenza A virus were somewhat less sensitive with copositivity in 12 of 17 cases (71%) and in one instance the IF finding was probably false positive. However, also for influenza A virus our IF findings were fully comparable with figures obtained by others who performed the conventional washing technique for preparation of exfoliated cells from nasopharyngeal secretions. General practitioners submitted samples from 65 patients, and RS virus and influenza A virus were identified in eleven and four cases respectively. The simplicity of preparation of cell smears from nasopharyngeal secretions with our simplified method opens up the possibility of the application of rapid respiratory virus diagnostic service to an increasing number of hospital departments and also for general practitioners. We feel that this method is a suitable tool for surveillance of certain respiratory virus infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Pelvic inflammatory disease: etiologic studies with emphasis on chlamydial infection.

Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the main etiologic agents in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in Oslo. Up to two thirds of the 65 PID cases studied were associated with a chlamydial infection. The incidence of cervical gonorrhea was low (7.7%). Anaerobic bacteria were not isolated from the fallopian tubes or peritoneal fluid of any of the patients. Chlamydia-associated PID is characterized by a protracted course and vague symptoms. The laparoscopic findings indicate more severe inflammatory changes of the tubes than in patients in whom these agents were not found. The highest incidence of chlamydia-associated PID occurred in younger subjects, among whom the intrauterine contraceptive device was more frequently used. Perihepatitis was diagnosed in PID patients with and without chlamydial infection of the genital tract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Chlamydia trachomatis as a cause of acute perihepatitis associated with pelvic inflammatory disease.

Of four cases of acute salpingitis and perihepatitis confirmed by laparoscopy Chlamydia trachomatis was cultured from the cervix only in two and from both the cervix uteri and the Fallopian tubes in two; the latter finding has not been reported from cases with combined salpingitis and perihepatitis (Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome). Since gonococci, other aerobic, or anaerobic bacteria were not isolated from the Fallopian tubes, an aetiological relationship between C trachomatis and the Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome is suggested.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infection by immunofluorescence: a simplified procedure for the preparation of nasopharyngeal suction specimens.

A preliminary report on a simplified procedure for the preparation of nasopharyngeal suction specimens making direct smears of aspirated material is presented. The smears were examined by the indirect immunofluorescence (IF) technique for the presence of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus antigens. Specimens form 99 children with acute respiratory tract illnesses were collected during the winter season 1978-79, and RS virus was identified in samples from 45 of these patients. Serological investigations run in parallel showed fairly good correlation with the IF examinations of the smears. This simplified procedure for the preparation of nasopharyngeal suction specimens may be recommended when the conventional preparation cannot readily be performed.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1980

Doxycycline in the treatment of chlamydial urethritis: a therapeutic study.

The effect of doxycycline treatment was studied in 46 men with chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis. Treatment with 200 mg doxycycline daily for 10 days rendered 22 of 22 patients free of urethritis. The treatment had no effect on the complications of urethritis like prostatitis and Reiter's syndrome. In the other group where 200 mg doxycycline was given on the first day and 100 mg on the subsequent days for 8 days, urethritis was resolved in 18 of 22 patients. C. trachomatis was not re-isolated from any of the patients after doxycycline treatment.

Adult↗