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G Arlet

Publications and source records attributed to G Arlet.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Cat-scratch disease bacteria.

Cat-scratch disease is a benign inoculative lymphoreticulosis, related to the presence of a polymorph bacillus, Warthin-Stary silver stained, Gram negative as assessed by Brown-Hopp staining. It is found in the capillary walls and in macrophages bordering the lymph node sinusoids at the site of inoculation, in regional subacute adenopathy before softening, in internal organs and blood cultures of systemic infections, occurring more often in immuno-compromised patients. These bacteria have been demonstrated in subcutaneous vascular nodules, near to histiocytoid hemangioma in AIDS patients; these lesions are very similar to early stage Kaposi's sarcomas. This bacteria is provisionally listed as G 1492 by the Center for Disease Control.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

[Frequency and distribution of beta-lactamases in 1792 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae in France between 1985 and 1988].

In october 1985, 1987 and 1988, all the clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae (respectively 530, 654, 590 strains) were collected in 20 hospitals. The beta-lactamases were identified by analytical isoelectrofocusing and by substrate and inhibition profiles. 76 to 81% of the strains produced only one beta-lactamase: SHV-1 type, pI 7.7 (61 to 65%) or PI 7.1 (14%). The TEM-1 betalactamase (pI 5.4) was produced in 1985 by 21% of the strains, 9% in 1987, and 11% in 1988: TEM-2, pI 5.6 by 2% in 1985-87-88. The extended broad spectrum beta-lactamases, able to hydrolyse amino-thiazol-oximino-beta-lactam antibiotics, TEM or SHV type enzymes (SHV-2, pI 7.7, SHV-3, pI 7.1; SHV-4/CAZ-5, pI 7.8; SHV-5/CAZ-4 pI 8.2; CTX-1/TEM-3, pI 6.3) were also detected: 0.75% of the strain (3 strains) in 1985, 8.4% (55 strains) in 1987, 11% (65 strains) in 1988. These extended broad spectrum beta-lactamases were found in 2 hospitals in 1985, 10 in 1987 and 9 in 1988.

France↗
PubMed1989

Measurement of bacterial and fungal air counts in two bone marrow transplant units.

We evaluated air contamination with bacteria and fungi in a transplantation unit, successively housed in two buildings. Bacterial air contamination was least in laminar air flow rooms, and reduced in ultraclean air rooms in comparison with conventional rooms. Similar results were obtained with culture of air for fungi.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1989

[Frequency and severity of systemic infections caused by Streptococcus mitis and sanguis II in neutropenic children].

We have retrospectively evaluated 24 sepsis episodes caused by viridans streptococci in 23 neutropenic children during a 21 months period at the Pediatric Hematology Unit of St. Louis Hospital. The underlying malignancies included acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute non lymphoblastic leukemia, aplastic anemia and solid tumor. In 17 children neutropenia, defined as a neutrophil count of less than 500 per cubic millimeter, was caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy. For 6 other children neutropenia was consequential to pretransplant treatment regimen for autologous bone marrow transplantation including cytotoxic chemotherapy and total body irradiation. All patients had a silicone rubber atrial catheter. In 9 patients sepsis was associated only with fever for less than 48 hours. In 5 other children fever was prolonged more than 72 hours in spite of specific antimicrobial therapy. No other organism was isolated. In 10 patients, however, the infectious syndrome was severe and the features included cardiac failure (7 patients), pneumonia (7 patients) resembling adult respiratory distress syndrome, encephalopathy (3 patients) without meningitis and proteinuria, 7 of these patients needed a management in a pediatric intensive care unit and 2 died in spite of adapted antibiotics. Streptococci were isolated in blood cultures in 23 children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella spp. to ceftazidime. Current status in France].

Ceftazidime was tested against 2,224 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from 17 hospitals in April, May and June, 1986 and against 607 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 234 strains of K. oxytoca obtained from 16 hospitals in October, 1987. The MIC's of ceftazidime against P. aeruginosa were distributed normally, with an MIC50 of 2 mg/l and an MIC90 of 4 mg/l. Depending on critical concentrations, 80 per cent of strains were sensitive, 11.4 per cent were of intermediate sensitivity and 0.54 per cent were resistant. There were few differences in results between hospitals. Ninety-two per cent of resistant strains and 45 per cent of intermediate strains (as opposed to 6 per cent of all strains) produced a high-level constitutive cephalosporinase with little variations between centres. The MIC's of ceftazidime against K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca had a bimodal distribution: 91 per cent of strains were sensitive to 0.25 mg/l, 6 per cent of strains showed intermediate sensitivity and 3 per cent were resistant. All intermediate and resistant strains produced a very broad spectrum beta-lactamase which hydrolyzed some of the third generation cephalosporins: K. pneumoniae 36 CTX-1, 5 SHV-2, and 14 strains producing a recently identified beta-lactamase "CAZ-5/SHV-4"; K. oxytoca 3 CTX-1. These strains were isolated in 10 of the 16 hospitals which took part in the 1987 study. Comparison of these results with those of studies performed in 1984 and 1985 showed a moderate increase in the number of intermediate sensitivity strains of P. aeruginosa and the occasional occurrence, of the epidemic type, in some hospitals of Klebsiella spp. producing very broad spectrum beta-lactamases which were rare in 1985.

Ceftazidime↗
PubMed1988

[Ceftazidime for the treatment of infections in neutropenic children].

Ceftazidime in doses of 100 mg/kg/day was used, combined with netilmicin 6 mg/kg/day, as first-line treatment in two successive studies conducted on febrile neutropenic children (neutrophils less than 500/mm3). Study n. 1, performed at the Infantile Haematology unit of Saint Louis hospital, Paris, included 75 children. Study n. 2 was a multicentre study involving 88 children from 11 medical centres. The children's age in both studies ranged from 2 months to 16 1/2 years (mean 7 years). The percentage of bacteriologically documented febrile episodes was 45 per cent (34/75 and 39/88), and the most frequent infections were those caused by Gram-positive cocci (56 and 58 per cent respectively of the cases). Vancomycin 40 mg/kg/day was introduced if fever was still present 48 hours after the beginning of the antibiotic therapy. Effective treatments were continued until the neutropenia was corrected. These children were being treated for acute leukaemia, lymphoma, solid tumours or bone marrow aplasia. In study n. 1 apyrexia was obtained in 85 per cent of the cases with the ceftazidime-netilmicin combination and in 91 per cent of the cases after addition of vancomycin. The initial therapy was effective in all patients with a documented infection. There were tow super-infections with septicaemia: one due to Streptococcus D, the other to Staph. epidermidis. In study n. 2 73 per cent of the patients were apyretic after the first combination and 85 per cent after vancomycin was introduced. In proven infections the ceftazidime-netilmicin combination was effective in 30 cases and in another 6 cases after addition of vancomycin. Three patients remained febrile until they came out of aplasia. In all cases the bacterial cultures were sterilized by the ceftazidime-netilmicin combination. There was no superinfection. The mean duration of antibiotic therapy was 21 days in study n. 1 and 14 days in study n. 2. The drugs were perfectly tolerated both clinically and biochemically. No death occurred in the two studies. Thus, owing to its broad spectrum, effectiveness and safety ceftazidime is a very useful antibiotic when combined with netilmicin as first-line treatment of febrile neutropenic children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Probabilistic treatment with ceftazidime of infections in neutropenic patients].

Infection is the most common cause of mortality in neutropenic patients. Although fever does not necessarily mean infection, it must be regarded as its first sign and treated, within hours of its onset, on the basis of probability before a pathogen is isolated. The first-line treatment must cover a wide antibacterial spectrum corresponding to the usual bacteriological flora and to the patient's underlying pathology. The risk of Gram-negative septicaemia in infants and elderly people and the frequency of staphylococcal infections in patients with an indwelling central catheter are well-known. The "best guess" treatment should consist of a third generation cephalosporin, notably ceftazidime, and an antistaphylococcal antibiotic. This treatment should be pursued throughout the period of neutropenia. Due to advances in antibacterial therapy, more aggressive chemotherapeutic regimens can now be prescribed to improve the prognosis of acute blood diseases and of numerous carcinomas.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1988

Dissemination in five French hospitals of Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype K25 harbouring a new transferable enzymatic resistance to third generation cephalosporins and aztreonam.

A strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae K25 resistant to newer beta-lactam drugs was isolated in clusters in five hospitals in the Paris area. The MICs of ceftazidime and aztreonam (greater than or equal to 128 mg/l) were higher than that of cefotaxime (16 mg/l) for the strain but, when measured in the presence of clavulanic acid, they were less than or equal to 1 mg/l. The donor strains and derivatives produced a beta-lactamase with a pI of 7.75-7.8 and hydrolysing activity against a wide spectrum of beta-lactams similar to that of SHV-2 and SHV-3, but with significant hydrolysis of ceftazidime. This new enzyme could be designated SHV-4.

Aztreonam↗
PubMed1988

[Prevention of bacterial infections after bone marrow graft by broad-spectrum oral antibiotics, absorbable (pefloxacin, penicillin) and non absorbable (cephalosporin, gentamycin, bacitracin)].

In a consecutive series of 65 patients treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, we have compared the efficacy on prevention of bacterial infection of total gut decontamination with oral non absorbable antibiotics or with oral absorbable broad spectrum antibiotics. On day-8, all patients were randomly allocated to one group: Group I received orally pefloxacin 400 mg/day and penicillin 3 M UI/day. Group II received capsules containing cephalothin 250 mg, gentamicin 20 mg and bacitracin 150 UI. Each patient received 9 to 12 capsules per day according to body weight. Patients less than 5 years old or with severe hepatic abnormalities were excluded from the study. All patients were treated in LAF room with usual precautions of asepsis. They received sterile food. In addition, they were on ketoconazole for prophylaxis of fungal infections and acyclovir for prevention of herpes infections. Antibiotics were started on day-8 before bone marrow transplantation and stopped 15 days after discharge from the hospital. 32 patients were allocated to Group I and 33 in Group II. There was no difference between both groups according to age, sex, diagnosis. After transplant, the one year survival and the complications were similar in both groups. The median time of decontamination was 65 days, the mean number of days of agranulocytosis was 20 days, the mean number of days of fever was 7 days in both groups. The compliance was better in Group I but the treatment had to be modified in 9 patients of Group I because of liver abnormalities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

In vitro susceptibility of 96 Capnocytophaga strains, including a beta-lactamase producer, to new beta-lactam antibiotics and six quinolones.

The in vitro activities of new beta-lactam antibiotics and new quinolones were studied against 96 Capnocytophaga strains, including a beta-lactamase-producing strain which was resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, and cefamandole. All strains were susceptible to the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, ureidopenicillins, cefoxitin, broad-spectrum cephalosporins, and imipenem. Cephalothin and cefamandole did not show good activity against most strains. All Capnocytophaga spp. were uniformly susceptible to the five new quinolones tested.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

Legionnaires' disease after bone marrow transplantation.

Four patients developed legionnaires' disease after bone marrow transplantation. Two cases occurred early after transplant and were considered as part of a hospital epidemic due to contamination of water supply. The other two cases were considered to be sporadic because they occurred 3-4 weeks after hospital discharge. The outcome was good in two patients. In the third patient, recurrent disease was probably due to acquired resistance to macrolides, and complete cure was achieved after treatment with pefloxacin and rifampicin. The fourth patient died of overwhelming infection despite early treatment with erythromycin and pefloxacin. During the same period we treated 14 patients with pefloxacin for prevention of bacterial infection, of whom none developed Legionella pneumophila infection, while three of the patients reported here were in a group of 11 patients who received only oral non-absorbable antibiotics for gut decontamination. The fourth patient in this report was receiving no antibiotics. Thus pefloxacin seems to be effective as prophylaxis against L. pneumophila infection. When the hospital water supply was heated to 60 degrees C and chlorinated, the nosocomial cases in the hospital completely disappeared.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Piperacillin combined with netilmicin and cloxacillin. Usefulness in the treatment of febrile episodes in neutropenic children].

No preventive treatment other than intestinal decontamination with oral colimycin was given. Antibiotic therapy with piperacillin 200-300 mg/kg, netilmicin 6-7.5 mg/kg and cloxacillin 50-100 mg/kg was initiated within 6 to 12 hours of clinical onset, using a central catheter. Twenty-nine children with bone marrow aplasia and less than 1000 leucocytes/mm3 were treated: 20 had acute lymphoblastic leukaemia or lymphoma (first episode 13, relapse 7, including 3 undergoing bone marrow transplantation), 6 had acute myeloblastic leukaemia (first episode 4, relapse during transplantation 2), and there was 1 case each of idiopathic bone marrow aplasia, metastatic sympathico-blastoma and lymphohistiocytosis. Mean age was 9 years (range: 2-19 years). The combined antibiotic therapy was continued until recovery from aplasia in case of success and discontinued after 48 hours in case of failure. Bacteriological examinations were negative in 19 patients and positive in 10; 13 strains were isolated, mostly staphylococci and streptococci. Apyrexia was obtained in 24 patients, 11 of whom had a rise of temperature with negative bacteriology about 10 days later. There were 4 initial failures and one unassessable result. An atopic patient developed a skin rash on the 3rd day of treatment. There was no death, no superinfection and non clinical or biochemical side-effect. It is concluded that the piperacillin-netilmicin -cloxacillin combination, which gave a high success rate and was well tolerated, can be recommended in neutropenic children with febrile episodes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

In vitro activities of U-63366, a spectinomycin analog; roxithromycin (RU 28965), a new macrolide antibiotic; and five quinolone derivatives against Haemophilus ducreyi.

The in vitro activities of the new spectinomycin analog U-63366, the new macrolide roxithromycin (RU 28965), and five new quinolone derivatives (pefloxacin, rosoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin) were studied against 23 multiresistant strains of Haemophilus ducreyi (beta-lactamase producers) isolated in Paris and were compared with the activities of tetracycline, minocycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, spectinomycin, erythromycin, and nalidixic acid. All strains were uniformly susceptible to the seven new antibiotics tested. Ciprofloxacin had the greatest inhibitory effect in vitro (the MIC for 90% of the strains tested [MIC90] was 0.016 microgram/ml), and U-63366 was the most active aminoglycoside-aminocyclitol antibiotic (MIC90, 0.25 microgram/ml).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

[Capnocytophaga infections. Apropos of 8 cases].

Eight Capnocytophaga infections are described: bacteremia in immunodepressed patients (three cases), endocarditis (one case), pneumopathy (one case), buccal infection (two cases) and endometritis during use of an intrauterine contraceptive device (one case). The role of this bacterium in infections presented by immunodepressed patients is discussed in terms of literature data. Identification of the genus posed no problems. Species diagnosis is considered in terms of the use of conventional biochemical tests and the API ZYM collection.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Aeromonas hydrophila septicemia. Epidemiologic aspects. 15 cases].

Fifteen cases of Aeromonas hydrophila septicaemia, characterized by their frequent pulmonary lesions and the severity of their course, are reported. The delay observed between admission to hospital and first symptoms, together with the presence of anatomical lesions or physiological disturbances suggesting bacterial invasion by the intestinal route, have led the authors to postulate a nosocomial digestive contamination, probably from water, as suggested by the particular ecology of this micro-organism. This hypothesis was supported by the finding of Aeromonas hydrophila in large numbers at the different points of the hospital water distribution system where samples were taken.

Adult↗