Biomedical subjects

G Axia

Publications and source records attributed to G Axia.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1999

Attention and reaction to distress in infancy: a longitudinal study.

The primary aim of this study was to verify whether early individual differences in look duration are related to general mechanisms of the infant nervous system that draw together attention and emotion. Thirty-one infants were observed at 3, 5, and 11 months of age. Facial expressions of pain and distress were observed by means of C. Izard's (1979) Maximally Discriminative Facial Movement Coding System 90 s after routine pediatric vaccinations. Several measures of visual attention were taken experimentally in a separate testing session. Significant correlations between measures of attention and duration of facial expressions of pain and distress were found at each age level. Infants who showed pain or distress for a shorter time period also paid attention for a shorter time period and vice versa. The main conclusion is that individual differences combining control of both pain and attention can be identified from early infancy.

Affect↗

PubMed1995

Pain in infancy: individual differences.

Two patterns of reactions to painful medical procedures were found in infancy, i.e., continuous and interval patterns. Also, infants often in a good mood in everyday life (as reported by their mothers) showed pain more briefly after blood sampling, while infants often in a bad mood in everyday life showed pain longer.

Arousal↗

PubMed1991

Development of language in 18-30-month-old HIV-1-infected but not ill children.

Thirty-six children (age range, 18-30 months) born to HIV-1-infected mothers were studied for speech development by matching 18 infected with 18 non-infected subjects for age, sex and socioeconomic status. All the children were in good health. Each child was given three comprehension and three production tasks. In addition, each child's mean length of utterance (MLU) was obtained by observation of natural child-parent interactions. The development quotients (DQ) were assessed by Brunet-Lézine's tests. Infection significantly affected children's MLU, the infected children being less advanced than those non-infected. Both infected and non-infected children progressed in language acquisition from the second to the third year of age, but infected children had significantly greater production difficulty than non-infected children in the second year of life. The matched subjects design adopted gives some strength to the conclusion that HIV-1 infection impairs the genesis rather than the later development of language in infected but not ill children.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1987

Effects of spatial arrangement on 4- and 6-yr.-old children's memory.

This research is an investigation of the effects of different spatial arrangements of the same items on 4- and 6-yr.-old children's memory. The items were arranged in one of three ways, put in a random order, grouped into categories, or displayed in a configuration reproducing a real-world scene. Each subject was asked both to recall the items verbally and to remember their spatial locations. The results show that only 6-yr.-olds' memory for locations is enhanced by meaningful arrangements of objects in space. It is suggested that there is a developmental gap between memory for "raw" spatial relationships ("locational" cognitive mapping) and memory for spatial relationships which also takes into account the meaning of these relations ("relational" cognitive mapping). Furthermore, for 6-yr.-olds clustering of recall is categorically organized in all conditions. For 4-yr.-olds such clustering appears to reproduce the spatial arrangement of items in a scene, while recall is categorically organized in both categorical and random conditions.

Child↗