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Biomedical subjects

G B Lewis

Publications and source records attributed to G B Lewis.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Local changes in venous tone due to bolus injections.

Solutions were infused at a constant rate into ear veins of anaesthetized sheep and changes in venous tone were measured from changes in pressures in the infusion line when boluses of drugs and solutions were given. Approximately one in six veins was unresponsive. These appeared to be larger veins and the lack of response was probably due to greater blood flow causing appreciable dilution of the test solutions with blood. Most veins gave a transient venoconstriction to boluses of saline which had been made acid or alkaline and also to boluses of drugs such as aminophylline, calcium chloride, noradrenaline, metoclopramide, pentobarbitone, ethanol and thiopentone. Transient venoconstriction was usually repeatable and in proportion to the amount of solution or drug given, but sometimes the magnitude of the response changed unpredictably. Papaverine and nicotinamide usually reduced tone.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of altered environmental temperature on established infection.

An alteration of ten degrees Celsius in environmental temperature significantly alters the mortality from severe established Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice. Many patients with severe infection are nursed in wards without air conditioning. It is suggested that even modest levels of environmental stress may influence their recovery.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Historical vignette #8. General Ulysses S. Grant's hip fracture.

Many biographers have discussed the throat cancer that plagued General Ulysses S. Grant toward the end of his life. However, little attention has been focused on his orthopaedic problems. On Christmas Eve in 1883, Grant slipped on an icy walk and fell. Following this accident he was bedridden for weeks and orthopaedically disabled for the remainder of his life. Although biographers have documented this incident, the outcome of the accident has been variously attributed to a sprain, muscle rupture, or simply a lack of exercise. The history of the injury and the nature of the symptoms and disability, which suggest that the General may have sustained a hip fracture, are reviewed with a discussion of the state of hip fracture diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis taken from the textbooks of the period.

Famous Persons↗
PubMed1985

Use of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate to reduce failure of intravenous infusion due to phlebitis and extravasation.

Self-adhesive patches which release glyceryl trinitrate at a slow continuous rate or placebo patches were applied to the skin of patients distal to intravenous infusion sites in a double-blind manner. The frequency of infusion failure was three times lower with the glyceryl trinitrate than with placebo patches. The decrease was of similar magnitude whether failure was due to extravasation or phlebitis. Headaches were more common in patients with active patches but were relieved by simple analgesics.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1985

Infusion thrombophlebitis.

Infusion thrombophlebitis is a common complication of i.v. infusions. Many factors appear to be involved in its aetiology, of which the duration of infusion, the drugs infused and the solution(s) infused are the most important. Effective prophylaxis should be based on an understanding of the possible pathophysiology.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Phlebitis and extravasation ("tissuing") with intravenous infusions.

It is suggested that failure of infusions because of phlebitis or extravasation usually results from irritation of the endothelium by the infusate, inducing venoconstriction. If such venoconstriction prevents flow, then pressure which builds up in the vein will enlarge the hole in its wall made by the needle or cannula and so allow extravasation of fluid. Alternatively, partial constriction will cause the endothelium to be perfused with undiluted infusate, and this will aggravate the irritation and lead to phlebitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effect of halothane and enflurane anaesthesia on the level of reduced glutathione in human red blood cells.

No significant changes were found in packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and red cell glutathione levels in patients before and after anaesthesia with halothane or enflurane. These results, though unable to explain the mechanism, support the earlier suggestion that glutathione plays little, if any, role in protecting liver against toxic effects of these anaesthetic agents or their metabolites.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The effects of glucose infusion on myocardial performance during acute hypoxia.

The effects of hypoxia with or without glucose infusion on the cardiac contractility, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, blood electrolytes (sodium and potassium), glucose, pH, Po2, and Pco2 in anesthetized dogs were studied. Hypoxia was induced by ventilating the dogs with reduced oxygen (10%) in the inspired air. Hypoxia produced a decrease in the cardiac contractility and blood pressure, and an increase in the heart rate and central venous pressure. It produced a decrease in the blood pH, Po2, and Pco2, and an increase in the blood glucose and potassium. Glucose infusion during hypoxia delayed the rate of decrease in the contractility and blood pressure significantly. The time for decrease in the contracility to 45 to 50% was increased by 67%. Glucose infusion prevented the loss of potassium from the cell. Glucose infusion however, was unable to correct acidosis. These results indicate that glucose infusion during hypoxia might prevent or delay the deterioration of myocardial function.

Acidosis↗