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Biomedical subjects

G B Nolph

Publications and source records attributed to G B Nolph.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Longitudinal study of effects of alcohol use and/or personal exercise on high density lipoprotein cholesterol in aging humans.

Self-controlled alcohol use and/or personal physical exercise is generally believed to be advantageous in extending good health in aging humans. We investigated whether data collected over 31 years in the same subjects (369 men, 75 women) in our Longitudinal Aging Study of humans (1969-2000) showed strong relationship between alcohol and/or physical exercise with High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDLC). Women s HDLC interactions among age, diet, alcohol use and/or exercise were not found to be statistically significant in our study. Men, however, showed a strong positive statistical significance (p<or= 0.0001) among alcohol, personal physical exercise and HDLC.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Atherogenesis and the homocysteine-folate-cobalamin triad: do we need standardized analyses?

BACKGROUND: Bioscientists, physicians and nutritionists are newly interested in the homocysteine-folate-cobalamin triad, in part because homocysteine may be important both in atherogenesis and thrombogenesis. Homocysteine imbalance may be an early marker for cobalamin disorders because cobalamin is a cofactor in remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. METHODS: In 139 men and 32 women of similar mean age of 65 years, we measured markers which have been cited as risk for atherosclerosis: serum homocysteine, folate, total cobalamin, holotranscobalamin I and II, (TCI and TCII), total serum cholesterol (SCHOL), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), triglycerides (STG) as well as red blood cell (RBC) folate, food records and body composition by whole body counting of potassium-forty (40K). RESULTS: Statistical relationships among the data showed healthy women had lower mean serum homocysteine and their mean RBC folate and TCI and TCII were higher than men. Eighty-three subjects had TCII much lower than 60 pg/ml (subnormal), yet only 11 of these men and two women had total cobalamin < 200 pg/ml (abnormal). Fifty-two subjects with serum homocysteine greater than 17.5 nmol/ml had TCII less than 60 pg/ml, suggesting serum homocysteine may be a marker for early cobalamin negative balance. None of the subjects in the study had serum folate below abnormal values, i.e., less than 1.6 mg/ml. All subjects had RBC folate within normal range. Serum homocysteine showed inverse relationship with RBC folate and serum total cobalamin, TCI and TCII. CONCLUSIONS: 1) importance of using serum holotranscobalamin TCI and TCII as markers of cobalamin deficiency, 2) necessity to use documented quantitative components of dietary intake if strong comparisons are to be made among quantitative values of serum or plasma homocysteine, folate, cobalamin, and nutrients in food intake.

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PubMed1995

Comparison of body composition measured by total body potassium and infrared interactance.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to find how closely a near infrared instrument (IRI), Futrex 5000, would compare to whole body counting (WBC) of potassium-40 (40K) in assessing body composition. DESIGN: We measured lean body mass (LBM) and percent total body fat (PCF) in 177 males and 27 females by total body potassium (TBK) and by infrared interactance (IRI). TBK was assessed by 2 pi whole body counter (WBC) and IRI by Futrex (F) instrument. These subjects were measured for TBK and for IRI within 1 week of each other. RESULT: A large mean difference (p < or = 0.001) was found between the results using the two instruments: IRI data for LBM were higher and PCF lower compared to TBK. CONCLUSION: As shown by repeated TBK measurements over a 22-year period in these same volunteers, this technique is reliable. The IRI assessments did not come to a close fit with TBK.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Aging in humans: a continuous 20-year study of physiologic and dietary parameters.

The old adage, "You are what you eat," is not always reliable, as demonstrated in this mixed-longitudinal study of men that began in 1969. Mean values of percent body fat, total body potassium (TBK), and total serum cholesterol (SCHOL) did not show changes that correlated with any studied nutrient from repeated 4-day diet records. Mean blood pressure increased with increased body weight as age increased. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased when polyunsaturated fat intake increased. The men had decreased mean height, TBK and increase in percent body fat as age increased. Food energy intake decreased equally from carbohydrates, protein and fat as age increased. Large standard deviations of mean values of measured parameters document heterogeneity of these subjects. A subset of 144 male cohorts was studied serially for 20 years in time-age, cross-sectional and longitudinal series. As they aged, height and TBK decreased (p < or = 0.05), percent body fat and blood pressure increased (p < or = 0.04) and SCHOL had no significant change. Intake of all nutrients decreased significantly (p < or = 0.03) longitudinally and with time, showing a time effect.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

Effects of cholesterol and fat modification of self-selected diets on serum lipids and their specific fatty acids in normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic humans.

A 6-month crossover diet plan was employed to study the effects on human serum lipids of adding margarine or butter to otherwise self-selected diets that included two eggs daily. Two groups of subjects were studied: 51 free-living normocholesterolemic and 20 hypercholesterolemic (greater than 240 mg dl). Four-day diet records in each interval showed that subjects ate about 16% of total dietary fat as either butter or margarine. Blood samples taken every 6 weeks showed variable mean serum total cholesterol (SCHOL), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and serum triglycerides (STG). The normocholesterolemic subjects who ate butter first had by 24 weeks mean SCHOL values equal to their entry values; those who ate margarine first had increased SCHOL values throughout the study. By the end of the study, the hypercholesterolemic subjects showed either no change or a slight decrease in both SCHOL and HDL-C values. Specific fatty acids were distributed differently in the serum fractions of triacylglycerol (TGFA), cholesteryl esters (CEFA), and phospholipids (PLFA). These distributions remained constant in both normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic subjects regardless of the type and amount of fat consumed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Do peritoneal dialysis providers experience burnout?

The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used to determine whether peritoneal dialysis (PD) providers experience burnout. The questionnaire was completed by 55 physicians, 277 nurses and 4 other PD providers who attended the 9th Annual Conference on Peritoneal Dialysis. Our results show that burnout experienced by PD providers is comparable to that experienced by other providers in the medical field. Specific variables such as single martial status, full time employment and additional hemodialysis responsibilities were also identified as factors that may be associated with high degree of burnout.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Total body potassium in aging humans: a longitudinal study.

Total body potassium (TBK) data calculated from longitudinal measurements over 18 y of 40K by whole-body counting of 564 male and 61 female healthy humans in a 2-pi liquid scintillation counter show little change in females younger than 50 y compared with males of those ages. Males show less TBK from 41 y onward as they age, with most rapid rate of loss between 41 and 60 y. Females have a rapid loss of TBK when they are older than 60 y; the loss is at a greater rate than that of males. Percent total body fat calculated from total body weight and lean body mass (LBM) derived from TBK document greater adiposity in females at all ages except ages 51-60 y when females are similar to males in change in percent fat per year per centimeter.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1986

Serum lipids and eggs.

This study shows the variability of response of serum cholesterol to whole food dietary cholesterol eaten by free-living people. Divided into two groups in a crossover design, normolipemic, healthy volunteers in Group A showed statistically significant increases in mean serum cholesterol after eating three eggs daily for 10 weeks (p less than or equal to .01) and a significant decrease within 2 weeks of crossover to eating no eggs (p less than or equal to .03). Group B exhibited a significant decrease in mean serum cholesterol after eating no eggs for 12 weeks (p less than or equal to .02) but, after crossing over to eating 3 eggs daily for 10 weeks, showed no longitudinally significant increases. Only Group A showed statistically significant changes in mean high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, i.e., an increase at the end of 12 weeks of eating three eggs daily (p less than or equal to .001). Mean serum triglycerides showed no significant change.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Dietary "meats" and serum lipids.

The mean values for serum total cholesterol for 47 males, aged 32 to 62 yr who, over a 10 1/2 month study ate, within a self-selected diet, beef as the only meat for 3 months, poultry and fish for 3 months, and pork for 3 months showed no statistically significant difference, whereas 17 of 29 females of the same age who participated in the same study had borderline statistically significant differences in mean values (p less than 0.055). When data from all subjects were considered together, no statistically significant changes in mean serum total cholesterol or serum triglycerides were noted, but there were significant changes in mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol values, both upward and downward. The important results of this study are documentary to the lack of influence of "meat" and its fat on effecting a significant change in serum total cholesterol within a self-selected diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Serum lipids in humans fed diets containing beef or fish and poultry.

One half of a group of 129 men and women (74 men and 55 women), in a cross-over design at, within a self-selected diet, one egg and at least 5 oz of beef daily for 3 months while the other half at one egg and at least 5 oz of poultry and fish daily. Then they reversed their diets for 3 months. Blood samples were drawn by venipuncture before the study started and at the end of the 3 and 6 months, for analyses of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. No statistically significant changes were found in serum lipids in men. In women serum triglycerides but not other serum lipids were significantly higher when poultry and fish had been ingested.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of dietary egg on human serum cholesterol and triglycerides.

One hundred sixteen male volunteers between the ages of 32 and 62 years (mean age 46) consumed two whole fresh eggs daily in their customary diets for 3 months and also eliminated eggs for 3 months before or after eating eggs. The men had had normal-range serum cholesterol and triglycerides for the past 7 years. Four-day food records kept by them in each experimental period were assessed for nutrient intake. A Latin square design allowed analyses for season and sequential effects on serum lipids. The serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels at the end of 6 months were compared with their initial levels on customary free choice diets as well as their levels after the first 3 months of study. No significant increase in mean serum cholesterol was found nor was there a significant association of dietary cholesterol intake with either serum cholesterol or triglyceride.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eggs, serum lipids, emotional stress, and blood pressure in medical students.

Emotional stress that occurred as a result of anticipation and participation in final exams did not change mean serum total cholesterol or high density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly in 26 male students who had eaten two eggs daily while maintaining a controlled diet for 12 wk. These same men continued to maintain a controlled diet but abstained from eating eggs for 12 wk which resulted in a statistically significant lower total cholesterol level at the end of 6 wk and on the day of final exams at the end of 12 wk. Mean values for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in abstainers were significantly reduced at the end of 6 wk, but did not change further by 12 wk. Mean serum triglycerides values were variable. Blood pressures were not changed significantly.

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