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Biomedical subjects

G Béland

Publications and source records attributed to G Béland.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Nutritional factors and prostate cancer: a case-control study of French Canadians in Montreal, Canada.

The relationship between the risk of prostate cancer and dietary intake of energy, fat, vitamin A, and other nutrients was investigated in a case-control study conducted in Montreal (Quebec), Canada. French Canadians aged 35 to 84 years with a recent, histologically confirmed diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate were identified through the admission offices of five major francophone teaching-hospitals in Montreal from 1989 to 1993. Population-based controls matched for age (+/- five years), language, and place of residence were selected by a modified random-digit dialing method. The study included 232 cases and 231 controls. Information on dietary intake was collected by means of a quantitative dietary history. No association was evident between energy intake and the risk of prostate cancer. In contrast, there was some evidence of an inverse association with intake of total fat, animal fat, monounsaturated fat, and particularly saturated fat (odds ratio = 0.69, 95 percent confidence interval = 0.40-1.18, P = 0.05), while a nonsignificant positive association was found with polyunsaturated fat. In addition, high intake of retinol and vegetable protein (highest cf lowest quartile) was associated with reduced risk, but was not statistically significant. No associations were established between intake of other nutrients and risk. These patterns persisted after adjustment for a number of potential confounding factors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Total androgen ablation: Canadian experience.

A multicenter randomized, double-blind trial comparing total androgen blockade obtained by the use of castration with a pure anti-androgen (nilutamide) with simple castration was begun. One hundred and five patients received the combined treatment and 103 the orchiectomy plus placebo. Several features were used to evaluate the efficacy. Bone pain responded better to combined treatment at 6 months (P = 0.042). The number of favorable responses, as evaluated by the NPCP criteria, was 61% with simple castration and 78% with the combined treatment (P = 0.013). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in time to progression (logrank test P = 0.462) or survival (logrank test P = 0.137) despite an increase in median survival of 5.4 months. All other measures showed no difference between the two treatments. With total androgen blockade, 50% of the patients had disease progression at 1 year, and 45% were dead at 2 years. A review of the results of similar reported studies suggests no improvement or very modest improvement with total androgen blockade over testicular androgen ablation alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A controlled trial of castration with and without nilutamide in metastatic prostatic carcinoma.

A randomized double-blind trial in patients with disseminated, previously untreated prostate cancer (Stage D2) was conducted in eight Canadian centers. All 203 patients enrolled in this study underwent bilateral orchiectomy and were randomized to receive either the nonsteroidal anti-androgen nilutamide or a placebo. Patient responses were graded according to the criteria of the National Prostatic Cancer Project (NPCP). Patients treated with nilutamide had a significantly greater number of positive objective responses (partial and complete regression) than did the patients treated with castration alone (46% versus 20%, P = 0.001). Progression-free survival was improved initially in the nilutamide group, but the median time to progression was 12 months for both groups. Despite an increase in the median length of survival from 18.9 to 24.3 months with the nilutamide, the survival time was not significantly longer in the nilutamide group (log = rank test, P = 0.048). Although minor side effects were frequent, adverse effects related to the medication and leading to discontinuation of treatment were observed in 9% of cases. These results suggest some benefit of the combined treatment (orchiectomy + nilutamide) over orchiectomy alone in the treatment of metastatic prostatic carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Total androgen blockade for metastatic cancer of the prostate.

This randomized, double-blind study comparing orchiectomy plus placebo to orchiectomy plus a nonsteroid antiandrogen (Anandron) shows that total androgen blockade for metastatic cancer of the prostate provides a significantly better early objective response when compared to castration alone. This response, however, is less apparent at 18 months. The study also suggests a longer survival for the patients with total androgen blockade.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1979

Avulsion of ureter by blunt trauma.

Six cases of avulsion of the upper ureter by blunt trauma are presented: 5 in children and one in an adult. One of these also involved the entire renal pedicle. A review of the literature shows that this type of trauma is rare, about 30 cases having been reported. They are seen mostly in children, and the right kidney is more prone to injury. Often, there is absence of hematuria which leads to considerable delay in diagnosis and surgical repair. On account of this delay, hydronephrosis, infection, and sometimes pseudocyst formation can complicate the initial pathologic condition. Despite these delays, successful repair can be accomplished and the kidney salvaged. In some instances, as we found out in our cases, a retrograde pyelogram was helpful in establishing the diagnosis and localizing the site of the lesion preoperatively.

Catheters, Indwelling↗
PubMed1979

The abdominal surgeon and the ureter.

Iatrogenic ureteral injuries are not common but may occur whenever the retroperitoneum is opened. The best time to treat these injuries is when they occur. The abdominal surgeon is responsible for the immediate treatment of ureteral injuries that he causes and should be able to take care of most of them. The author describes methods for preventing and managing ureteral puncture, crushing injury, kinking and ligation of the ureter, partial and complete transection of ureters, excision of both short and long segments of the ureter and ureteral devascularization.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1977

Early treatment of ureteral injuries found after gynecological surgery.

Five consecutive patients with 7 ureteral injuries found after gynecological operations were treated conservatively. The complications ensuing this type of management are reported briefly. Twenty more consecutive patients with 27 ureteral injuries were treated immediately after diagnosis and definitively. Important points of technique are 1) little attempt to stay extraperitoneally, 2) sacrifice of all abnormal ureter, 3) re-establishment of ureteral continuity between a normal ureter and the bladder by usual means, 4) peritoneal closure only when easy, 5) adequate drainage and 6) use of antibiotics. The results obtained were excellent. Early and definitive treatment of ureteral injuries found after gynecological operations seems to be the safest and easiest type of management in all cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Cutaneous transureterostomy in children.

Cutaneous transureterostomy was done on 18 patients with chronically dilated upper tracts. The operation is simple with minimal immediate complications. Long-term results are good despite the frequent persistence of chronic urinary infection and dilatation of the ureters, which are attributable to their persistent damage. We believe that cutaneous transureterostomy represents a good type of urinary diversion for these children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1974

Malignant testicular tumours.

A series of 71 patients with malignant testicular tumours treated primarily by orchiectomy and irradiation is reviewed with respect to pathological and clinical features and modes of treatment.The three-year crude survival rate in 36 patients with seminoma was 86% and in 24 patients with carcinoma it was 41.7%. There were no survivors among patients with choriocarcinoma. Our results are comparable with those of other series.A prospective study is proposed of the value of irradiation and subsequent limited lymph node dissection following orchiectomy in cases of carcinoma of the testis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1973

Urinary tract candidiasis: report of a case with bilateral ureteral obstruction.

A brief review of the literature on urinary tract candidiasis is presented. The presence of Candida albicans in the urine is rather uncommon and most patients have candiduria without any apparent disease. Among the others, three different clinical types of infection are recognized: (1) pyelonephritis, (2) lower urinary tract infection and (3) ureteral obstruction. Of this last type only seven cases were found in the literature; four of the patients died. We add one case in which the patient did very well after the obstruction of the ureters was relieved by means of ureteral catheters and a large urinary output was maintained for several days.

Adult↗