Acute osteomyelitis of the ilium mimics septic arthritis of the hip in children.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
G Bailie
Publications and source records attributed to G Bailie.
1997 Peritoneal Dialysis-Core Indicators Study: Dialysis Adequacy and Nutritional Indicators Report.
The 1997 Peritoneal Dialysis-Core Indicators Study: Dialysis Adequacy and Nutritional Indicators Report documents the current status of peritoneal dialysis within the United States. A national random sample of adult peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients participating in the United States End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) program was surveyed. PD subjects were large, with a mean body weight of 76 +/- 18.9 kg (mean +/- 1 SD) and a body mass index (BMI) of 27 +/- 6.4. The dialysis prescriptions documented achieved a mean weekly Kt/Vurea (wKt/V) and weekly creatinine clearance (wCrCl) of 2. 45 +/- 2.29 and 65.5 +/- 35.2 L/wk/1.73m2, respectively. The serum albumin of these patients was 3.5 +/- 0.48 g/dL, their normalized protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance (nPNA) 1.0 +/- 0.63 g/kg/d, and their normalized creatinine appearance rate (nCAR) 14 +/- 6.0 mg/kg/d. Serum albumin correlated meagerly but in a positive fashion with BMI, nPNA, and nCAR, and negatively with wCrCl. Among adult US PD patients, serum albumin values appear to correlate poorly with alternative measures of nutritional status and are inversely related to the intensity of renal replacement therapy. The presumptive dietary protein intake (nPNA) and creatinine appearance rate (nCAR) derived for PD patients do correlate in a positive fashion with dialysis delivery, at least up to a wCrCl of 60 to 80 L/wk/1.73 m2 and wKt/V = 2.1, but their values suggest that 30% to 50% of PD patients have marginal nutritional status.
Adolescent↗
1996 peritoneal dialysis--core indicators report.
The 1996 Peritoneal Dialysis-Core Indicators Study (PD-CIS) retrospectively reviews a random sample of peritoneal dialysis patients from the United States End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) program. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are more likely to have a primary diagnosis of glomerulonephritis, less likely to be of African-American heritage, and are younger than hemodialysis patients. One third of PD patients now perform some form of automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) rather than continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The dialysis prescriptions currently employed do not appear to be based on kinetic principles, and the intensity of dialysis achieved is below the proposed minimal guidelines for 30% of patients. In 1996, the mean dialysis index or wKt/Vurea for CAPD patients was 2.0 +/- 0.5 and was not significantly altered from the 1995 value of 2.1. Eighty-four percent of CAPD patients perform four or fewer exchanges daily, and only 27% of patients have prescriptions using infusion volumes greater than 2 L. Although hematocrits have improved since 1995, 30% of PD patients have a hematocrit below 30%. The mean serum albumin for PD patients is 3.5 g/dL, and 25% of patients have a 6-month average serum albumin value below 3.2 g/dL. In general, the indices monitored as predictive of health and well-being of PD patients afford significant opportunity for improvement.
Adult↗
Effect of a sliding scale protocol for heparin on the ability to maintain whole blood activated partial thromboplastin times within a desired range in hemodialysis patients.
A prospective, randomized and open study was conducted to evaluate the ability of an individualized heparin dosing protocol to achieve and maintain whole blood activated partial thromboplastin times (WBAPPT) within a predetermined range in hemodialysis patients. Thirty-one hemodialysis outpatients who received a total of 99 dialyses were studied. Systemic heparinization was achieved with a loading dose and a continuous infusion. WBAPPT, used as a monitoring parameter for heparin therapy, was measured at 5 minutes and 1, 2, 3 and 3 1/2 hours after the start of heparinization. An initial heparin loading dose of 50 u/kg dry weight was used, with a continuous infusion of 15 u/kg/h and a sliding scale to adjust infusion rates to target WBAPPT in the goal range of 150-190 seconds. Individual heparin loading doses for subsequent treatment sessions were titrated to achieve the lowest dose which would still result in clear dialyzers at the end of hemodialysis. There was a high degree of interindividual variability in heparin requirements. A loading dose of 20-25 u/kg placed the majority (72.4%) of the patients within the 150-190 seconds range at the 5 min WBAPPT measurement. The sliding scale method was effective in keeping about 60% of the WBAPPT within the desired range throughout the rest of the hemodialysis session. As the loading or total doses were increased, the incidence of clear dialyzers increased. In conclusion, this heparin protocol is effective for individualizing heparin doses to achieve therapeutic WBAPPT in hemodialysis patients.
Anticoagulants↗
A survey of pharmacists recommendations for food supplements in the U.S.A. and U.K.
A survey was sent to 1,000 pharmacists in metropolitan Detroit U.S.A. (19.7% responded) and 750 pharmacists in the U.K. (57.9% responded) to assess the frequency of recommendations for health food stores, minerals, multivitamins, natural vitamins, protein supplements, Stresstabs, and weight-reduction products. Pharmacists were also asked about their five most common reasons for recommending vitamins and minerals from a list of 16 items, which included alcoholism, anaemia, arthritis, athletically active, children, colds, dieting, fatigue, feeling nervous, headaches, old age, pain, pregnancy, prophylaxis, skin problems, stress or other. About 40% of the U.S.A. community pharmacists recommended multivitamins more than five times a week compared to 28.6% of U.K. community pharmacists. Anaemia (48.6%), dieting (44.8%), alcoholism (42.3%), pregnancy (40.0%), and fatigue (36.8%) were the five most common reasons for pharmacists to recommend vitamins and minerals, this was consistent, for the most part, with the American Medical Association's Council on Scientific Affairs report, however, a large number of pharmacists placed the non-specific symptoms of fatigue and stress in the five most common reasons for which they recommend vitamins or minerals.
Food, Formulated↗