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G Balogh

Publications and source records attributed to G Balogh.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Excerpts from the investigations of pipecuronium bromide with NMR spectroscopy].

The synthesis of Pipecuronium bromide together with the investigation of its impurity profile required the solution of a number of analytical and structural problems. NMR spectroscopical methods received a major role in the structure elucidation of the synthesized compounds. The quantitative assessment of contaminations was also realized by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Out of the large amount of undertaken investigations, here we provide the structural characterization of the contaminating regiosimers of an important intermediate (5 alpha-androst-2-en-17-on) formed in the course of the synthesis, together with the NMR signal assignments of the end-product (Pipecuronium bromide) as measured in D2O and a mixture of CDCl3/DMSO-d6. The structure of a minor contamination of the end-product is also given.

Androstane-3,17-diol↗
PubMed1991

[Current treatment of thoracic empyema in adults].

Experiences obtained with 400 cases of thoracal empyema are described. The fact that the rate of lethality was 18.7% until present points out to the severity of the disease. The semi-conservative therapeutical methods used by the author (drainage, drainage and pleura lavage, pleura lavage and thoracoscopy, balance drainage) are presented. With their sensibly more frequent use the rate of operation could be reduced by 8% (from 36.5% to 28.5%) and the lethality rate by 7.6% (from 18.7% to 11.1). Further improvement of the results may be expected of the increased number of early detection (basic care), concentration of empyemic patients in special institutes (departments, wards) and due to it of a more efficient special treatment of uniform contemplation.

Drainage↗
PubMed1991

Estimation of impurity profiles of drugs and related materials. Part VIII: Combined application of high-performance liquid chromatography and NMR spectroscopy in the impurity profiling of drugs.

The usefulness of the joint application of HPLC and NMR spectroscopy in drug impurity profiling is demonstrated by the following examples: (1) identification of Z and E isomers of 17 alpha-ethynyl-4-oestrene-3 beta, 17-diol-3-acetate-17-(3'-acetoxy-2'-butenoate) in ethynodiol diacetate; (2) identification of the p-tolyl analogue as the impurity of enalapril maleate; (3) identification and quantification of 2'-dehydro-pipecuronium bromide in pipecuronium bromide. The possibilities of utilizing NMR spectroscopy for the identification and quantification of the impurities with and without their isolation are discussed.

Androstane-3,17-diol↗
PubMed1991

[Prevention and treatment of thoracic empyema resulting from traumatic hemothorax].

Authors report on their experiences with the treatment of thoracic empyema developing from the suppuration of haematoma following thoracic injury. In 30 of 82 patients suppuration of the thoracic cavity has developed. 6 of the 30 patients with empyema were treated first in our Department all 6 healed on drainage whereas in 24 patients, admitted from other departments, the following measures were necessary: 2 pleura lavages under the control of thoracoscope, 3 early decortications, 14 decortications, 5 lung resections and decortications with a decrease of the respiratory surface. Attention is called to the necessity of early and adequate treatment which is a prevention of complication (suppuration). Light is given to the factors which most frequently promote suppuration of the thoracic cavity, developing from traumatic haemothorax. Attention is called to secure the necessary personal and material conditions to the preventive treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Use of Nizoral cream in dermatomycoses.

Nizoral cream containing ketoconazole was studied in 56 patients suffering from different dermatomycoses. In cases of uncertain clinical symptoms microscopic examination and cultivation were also performed to establish a diagnosis. According to the author's observations, in the treatment of mycotic skin diseases Nizoral cream proved to be generally as effective as the other currently used antimycotics.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1991

[Analysis of steroids. Part 40. Isolation and identification of unusual impurities in ethynodiol diacetate].

In the course of the estimation of the impurity profile of ethynodiol diacetate, in addition to common impurities such as norethisterone acetate, ethynodiol-3-acetate and alpha-ethynodiol diacetate, two unknown impurities were detected by analytical reversed phase HPLC (C-18 silica and 80% aq. methanol as the eluent) and isolated by normal phase preparative HPLC (silica and 98:2 mixture of hexane and 2-propanol as the eluent). The 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra of the isolated impurities revealed that their structures could be characterized as the E and Z isomers of an analogue of EDDA containing "trimerised acetyl" group at the 17-hydroxy group (structures 4 and 4a). These structures were in good agreement with the extended UV spectra of the impurities and the mass spectra with the m/z 438 peak which can be derived from 4 and 4a by the loss of ketene.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1991

[Analysis of steroids. Part 42. By-products of the ethynylation of 17-ketosteroids (isolation, identification and determination)].

The therapeutically very important 17 alpha-ethynyl steroids are prepared from 17-keto steroids by means of addition of acetylene. Two important side reactions of this procedure are known: the formation of the isomeric beta-ethynyl derivative and the formation of a dimeric product with acetylene bridge. The aim of this paper is to approach this problem from the point of view of impurity profiling of 17 alpha-ethynyl steroids (norethisterone, ethisterone, norgestrel and delta 9(11)-ethisterone) i.e. isolation, identification and quantification of the above mentioned by-products as impurities in the bulk drugs. Capillary gas chromatography is an ideal tool for the separation and quantitative determination of the beta-ethynyl derivatives (20 m long fused silica capillary, I.D 0.2 mm; stationary phase Ultra-2: 5% phenylmethyl silicon gum phase with a film thickness of 0.33 mu; column temperature 240-250 degrees C). The dimeric impurity cannot be determined directly by gas chromatography as it decomposes in the flash heater to the 17 alpha-ethynyl and the 17-keto derivatives. For this reason reversed-phase HPLC was preferred for their separation and quantitation; (column: 250 x 4 mm LiChrosorb RP-18, 10 microns; eluent methanol-water 7:3; UV detector 240 nm). The HPLC method is suitable for the separation and determination of the beta-ethynyl impurities, too. The chemical shifts of the protons and carbon atoms in the vicinity of C-17 in the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the epimeric 17-ethynyl steroids greatly depend on the configuration of the ethynyl group and for this reason they (especially that of the C-18 are eminently suitable for the characterization of the isomers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1982

Detection of different functional states of the cellular nucleus with a new trichrome staining technique.

The new trichrome stain ASTRIN, prepared from alcian blue, safranine, thionine, and resorcin, stains the cell nuclei red or blue, depending on their functional state. Activation of salivary gland cells with pilocarpin, or of liver cell with prednisolone, equally resulted in a quantitative increase of cells with active (blue) nuclei. Changes in nuclear staining after digestion with trypsin, pronase, or ribonuclease, and after extraction of cellular DNA and RNA with perchloric acid, unequivocally suggest that alteration of the protein-DNA ratio, i.e. the hetero- or euchromatic state of nuclear chromatin, is responsible for the disparity of the nuclear staining reaction with ASTRIN. The new trichrome stain seems to be suitable for routine cytodiagnostic use.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

ASTRIN - a new trichrome staining technique.

The new trichrome stain ASTRIN, composed of alcian blue, safranine, thionine and resorcin, differentiates myocytes from fibrocytes, mature from immature cartilagineous elements, heterochromatic from euchromatic state of nuclear chromatin, and detects neurosecretions. The great differential staining potential of ASTRIN is in all probability due to the dissimilar diffusion rates of its components, for no new dye molecule arises from the combination, as shown by spectrophotometric and thin-layer chromatographic analysis.

Alcian Blue↗
PubMed1979

A critical re-evaluation of the anisotropic index used in polarization microscopy: a study on epiphyseal cartilage.

Topo-optical reactions specific for collagen and glycosaminoglycans were performed on epiphyseal cartilage plates which differed in age, in chemical composition, and in structure. Retardation values were measured with the polarization microscope and anisotropic index values were calculated after each reaction. It was found that the anisotropic index proposed earlier for quantitative evaluation of topo-optical reactions did not refer either to the submicroscopic orientation pattern or to the quantity of cartilage matrix components. It is suggested that retardation values of induced birefringence may be only used to characterize the spatial orientation of these components in the cartilage matrix.

Aging↗