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Biomedical subjects

G Benjamin

Publications and source records attributed to G Benjamin.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Bartonella infection in sylvatic small mammals of central Sweden.

Sylvatic small mammals were captured in rural habitats near Uppsala, Sweden, to measure the prevalence of bartonella infections, characterize bacterial isolates and identify their host range, and increase our understanding of host-pathogen ecology. During 7 nights of trapping at 3 localities, 236 small mammals were captured (trap success 30%). Bartonella were isolated from bloods of Apodemus flavicollis (19 of 110 tested), Apodemus sylvaticus (6/25), Clethrionomys glareolus (9/60), Microtus agrestis (1/3), Mus musculus (1/18), and Sorex araneus (3/20). Nucleotide sequencing (a 338 bp fragment of the gltA gene) of 40 isolates yielded 6 unique genotypes. Five of the 6 genotypes were most similar to other known bartonella isolated from Old World small-mammal hosts. The most frequent genotype (83%) was isolated from A. flavicollis and M. musculus and was identical to Bartonella grahamii, a recently demonstrated human pathogen. These two hosts were most frequently captured in and around human structures and work places, thus providing conditions that could potentially lead to frequent human infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of a statewide non-name-based HIV surveillance system.

Recent advances in AIDS-related therapies have delayed the onset of AIDS-defining illnesses and reduced the usefulness of AIDS surveillance in assessing the incidence of early HIV disease and estimating future needs of the HIV-infected population. These changes have prompted renewed interest in expanding surveillance to include HIV and have engendered national debate on whether an HIV surveillance system should be based on reports of the names of infected individuals or employ non-name-based data codes. In 1994, the state of Maryland implemented a program to require HIV surveillance by unique identifier (UI) patient code. This evaluation of Maryland's program found that when complete, the 12-digit UI number provided a virtually unduplicated count 99.8% unique, was 99.9% unique with only the last four digits of the U.S. government Social Security Number (SSN), date of birth (DOB), and race, and 77.7% unique if the last four digits of the SSN were missing. Health care providers were willing to create the UI, with DOB and gender present 98.3% and 98.8% of the time, race was complete 84.1% and last four digits of SSN were complete 72.4%. The overall completeness of reporting for HIV tests was 87.8%.and 84.8%, respectively, using different methodologies. Evidence from the Maryland UI evaluation demonstrates that a non-name-based system can provide accurate, timely and valid data concerning the scope of the HIV epidemic, without the creation of state-wide name-based registry.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1999

Occupational exposure and voluntary human immunodeficiency virus testing: a survey of Maryland hospitals.

A survey was conducted to estimate how often healthcare providers were exposed to patients' blood and the percentage of incidents in which patients agreed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing. Data from 38 hospitals with 53,508 employees revealed 2,244 exposures. Of 1,732 requests for information regarding the HIV status of the source patient, only 77 (6%) resulted in the patient's refusal to consent to an HIV test.

HIV Infections↗
PubMed1993

Experimental uremia in male rats: effect on the reproductive tract and fertility.

Chronic renal failure was induced in 3-month-old male rats by 5/6 nephrectomy. Potency and fertility studies were performed after 3 months of chronic uremia. The mean serum testosterone at the end of the experiments was significantly lower: 0.96 +/- 0.14 ng/mL compared to a control group of sham-operated male rats, 2.86 +/- 0.59 ng/mL, p < .001. All the uremic male rats had normal accessory gland weights at the end of the study. Fertility and, in most animals, sexual behavior and mating were not different from the normal control group. It is concluded that in 5/6-nephrectomized uremic male rats, in spite of low testosterone level, fertility and reproductive system are maintained similar to normal control male rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Isoniazid toxicity presenting as seizures and metabolic acidosis.

The presenting signs and symptoms of isoniazid toxicity are discussed, with a review of the complications and management of this metabolic encephalopathy with B6 pyridoxine. This study supports previous studies in finding that ingestion of more than 80 mg/kg body weight produces severe central nervous system symptoms that are rapidly reversed with intravenous administration of pyridoxine.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1987

Anhydrous pill ingestion: a new cause of esophageal obstruction.

We report the case of a patient who presented with complaints of abdominal discomfort and recurrent vomiting after ingestion of an anhydrous protein pill. Esophagoscopy revealed the presence of a pill much larger than initially ingested. The pill was removed through the endoscope. This is the first report of esophageal obstruction from anhydrous pill ingestion.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Use of extraneous conversation in the teaching of nursing skills.

The purpose of this study was to explore the use of extraneous conversation as a distractor while assessing students' level of skill acquisition in the laboratory. The sample consisted of 50 nursing students enrolled in Introduction to Nursing Methods at a large Midwestern university. Subjects were assigned randomly to experimental and control groups. Extraneous conversation was used as a distractor during skill demonstration of intramuscular injections by the 25 students in the experimental group. The 25 students in the control group were not verbally distracted during skill demonstration. These skill demonstrations were videotaped. Data were collected from three evaluations: during the skill demonstration, a rating was based on the inclusion of critical elements; later on viewing the video tapes, faculty assigned a score to the performance based on the number of elements included; students were re-evaluated in the clinical setting based on guidance given by the instructor, performance of critical and noncritical elements, and the smoothness of the performance. Analysis of data from the ratings of students in the laboratory and from the ratings of students from the video tapes with the Wilcoxon rank-sum test revealed no significant differences (a = .05) in performance for the experimental and control groups. Chi-square analysis of data from the evaluation in the clinical setting indicated that students in the experimental group performed at a higher level than students in the control group.

Attention↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The development of the concept of death in children aged 5-9 years.

105 children aged between 5 and 9 years were questioned on their concept of death following the reading of a story about an old lady who died. The results were analysed in terms of the components of the concept and it was shown that almost all had fully developed notions by the age of 8 or 9 years. Approximately 60% of the 5-year-olds had a complete or almost complete concept. The results are discussed in the light of clinical practice.

Attitude to Death↗