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Biomedical subjects

G Bennett

Publications and source records attributed to G Bennett.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Positioning post-outpatient cardiac catheterization.

UNLABELLED: The optimal positioning post-outpatient cardiac catheterization is a largely unexplored area of research. Traditionally, patients have been placed supine, with the head of the bed (HOB) flat. This study sought to explore the influence of three different post-procedure positions on the incidence of complications and patient perceptions of satisfaction. Sixty-nine patients were randomized into three groups immediately after hemostasis of the arterial puncture site was achieved. Group 1 patients were placed supine with the HOB flat. Group 2 patients were placed on their sides, with the affected extremity straight. Group 3 patients were placed on their backs, with the HOB at 15-30 degrees. Endpoints included the presence of any complication (bleeding, hematoma formation or expansion, back pain and urinary retention) and patient comfort and satisfaction with the randomized position. Patients were asked prior to discharge to select the position they would have preferred post-procedure. Selection of an alternative position was felt to indicate dissatisfaction with the randomized position. Ten patients in Group 1, and nine patients in Group 2 and Group 3 experienced a complication (X2 = 3.682, df = 1, p = 0.05). Eighty-five percent of Group 1 patients selected an alternative position vs. 24% of those patients in Group 2 and Group 3 (X2 = 27.6, df = 1, p < .001). CONCLUSION: varying patient position post-outpatient cardiac catheterization is at least as safe as the traditional supine position and is more comfortable for patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Passive stiffness of the lumbar torso in flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. Effect of belt wearing and breath holding.

This work investigated the passive bending properties of the intact human torso about its three principal axes of flexion: extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. Additionally, the effects of wearing an abdominal belt and holding the breath (full inhalation) on trunk stiffness was investigated. The torsos of 22 males and 15 females were subjected to bending moments while "floating" in a frictionless jig with isolated torso bending measured with a magnetic device. Belts and breath holding appear to stiffen the torso about the lateral bending and axial rotation axes but not in flexion or extension. Torsos are stiffer in lateral bending and capable of storing greater elastic energy. Regression equations were formulated to define stiffness and energy stored for input to biomechanical models that examine low back function and for bioengineers designing hardware for stabilization and bracing or investigation of traumatic events such as automobile collision.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1994

Mechanistic studies of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase.

Bisubstrate reaction kinetics and product inhibition studies were used to characterize the kinetic mechanism of a partially purified uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT). These studies indicate that the reaction most likely occurs via a random order sequential mechanism. The effect of electron withdrawing and donating groups on the rate of reaction was also determined. It was found that electron donating groups increased the rate of glucuronide conjugation. This result is consistent with nucleophilic attack of the C-1 carbon of the UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA) by an SN2 mechanism. This is the first direct evidence for a SN2 mechanism in UDPGT catalysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Developing an effective infection control program for home care.

Home care agencies can develop comprehensive, effective infection control and prevention programs by including six critical elements: surveillance for infections, infection control education, consultation, epidemiological investigation, quality improvement activities, and policy and procedure development.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1994

Case study in physician profiling.

In this article sustained and significant patient day reductions were accomplished over a short period of time with low capital investment. Using an education focus and concentrating on attempting to rationalize observed ranges of physician-resource use across peers, the hospital was able to reduce the length of stay by .5 days in a one-year period. This reduction was accomplished over a period where other local hospitals experienced minimal decreases in their lengths of stay. The success of this project suggests how the sharing of credible information with physicians within a constructive context can lead to significant and timely resource use reductions.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1994

An evaluation of a smoking cessation training program for medical residents in an inner-city hospital.

Thirty-four medical residents at a hospital serving a predominantly black inner-city area were trained to counsel their patients to quit smoking. They were tested before the training session and again 4 months later with questionnaires assessing smoking knowledge, attitude, and clinical practice. The training consisted of two 1-hour lectures, printed materials, and a 1.5-hour Objective Simulated Clinical Exam. Most of the residents were males (88.2%), in internal medicine (87.5%), under the age of 35 (79.4%), and foreign-born (76.5%). Asians (44.1%) comprised the largest racial group, followed by whites (29.4%) and blacks (20.6%). The impact of the training was assessed by comparing the pre- and posttests using paired Student's t tests. Overall score increased from 69.3 to 89.1 (P = .0001) out of a maximum of 131. Scores increased significantly for attitudes and beliefs (38 to 52; P = .0001), knowledge (5.3 to 6.6; P = .0001), and usual practices with smoking patients (25 to 30; P = .002). These data provide evidence that training increased the confidence, motivation, and reported practice of these residents in intervening with their patients, the majority of whom are black. This has special significance because physicians are least likely to advise black patients and those in lower socioeconomic groups to quit smoking. The demographic profile of our residents is characteristic of many inner-city hospitals.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Job analysis 1992: infection control practitioner.

The Certification Board of Infection Control directed its Research Subcommittee to compose a Job Analysis Committee in 1991. This 9-member Job Analysis Committee, in collaboration with Applied Measurement Professionals, Inc., conducted a job analysis of ICPs during 1992. The reassessment of the previous Certification Board of Infection Control task analysis, formation of a job-analysis survey tool, and the actual job-analysis process and its results are described in this article. The previous and newly revised test specification outlines are compared. The national Certification Examination for Infection Control for November 1993 will reflect the efforts of this endeavor.

Canada↗
PubMed1993

Isolation and properties of a soluble sialidase from the culture fluid of Chinese hamster ovary cells.

A soluble sialidase that can degrade recombinant glycoproteins expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been isolated and purified to near homogeneity from the cell culture fluid of this host. Purification of approximately 34,000-fold was carried out using conventional purification techniques including sequential DEAE-Sepharose and S-Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography, followed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography with Phenyl-Toyopearl. Final purification was achieved by heparin-agarose and chromatofocusing chromatography. The minimum molecular weight of the sialidase on SDS-PAGE was approximately 43,000 Da. When the final preparation was examined under non-denaturing conditions, two major (pI = 6.8 and 7.0) and five minor electrophoretic forms with different isoelectric points were identified. The basis for the electrophoretic heterogeneity is not known, but it was not due to carbohydrate diversity since no carbohydrates were detected on the purified protein. The enzyme degraded a variety of sialyl-conjugate substrates, at a pH optimum of 5.9, including intact glycoproteins, oligosaccharides and gangliosides with a 4-fold preference for 2,3- versus 2,6-linked sialic acid residues. With ganglioside substrates, internally linked sialic acid residues were not cleaved by the enzyme. Delineation of this enzyme from the lysosomal and plasma membrane sialidases was made using inhibition studies with C-9 substituted 5-acetamido-2,6-anhydro-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2- enonic acid derivatives. The enzyme was identified in several CHO cell lines by immunoblotting using antiserum raised against a synthetic peptide based on amino acid sequence of a fragment derived by trypsin digestion of the purified sialidase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

The families of problem drug users: a study of 50 close relatives.

The research described in this paper resulted from a collaborative multi-centre study of the relatives of problem drug users involving six practitioners and researchers, in four centres within the south-west of England. The objective of this research was simply to interview 50 close relatives of identified problem drug users, with the identification occurring through clinics and self-help groups. Quantitative and qualitative results show that large numbers of these relatives reported many negative experiences. The partners of illicit drug users reported both more and differently patterned problematic behaviours than those of prescribed tranquillizer users. The partners of illicit users also reported different problems to those of the parents. Relatives reported many negative effects in terms of how they viewed the drug user, and how the experiences had affected their health. They also described various coping mechanisms, and the extent of the support which they had received. The results are discussed in terms of coping, and similarity with research into the families of problem drinkers.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Effect of exogenously administered polyamine on the structural maturation and enzyme ontogeny of the postnatal rat intestine.

The factors regulating the developmental changes in intestinal morphology and enzyme activity during the postnatal period are incompletely understood. Increased ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and polyamine levels occur in association with increased mucosal growth seen just prior to weaning. The present work examines the effects of the polyamine spermidine, administered exogenously during early postnatal development in the rat, on structural and functional differentiation of the intestine. Young rats were fed 6 mumol of spermidine for either 1 day (P1) or 3 days (P3) prior to sacrifice on postnatal day 10. Control littermates were sacrificed at day 10 (C10) or at day 49 (C49) (postweanling [adult] reference). A loss of most of the well-developed characteristic endosomal complex and supranuclear giant lysosome was observed in the absorptive cells of the ileum and proximal colon in the spermidine-treated groups and was accompanied by a decline in N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activity to adult levels. A precocious appearance of sucrase and NaK ATPase activities was observed in the P1 group and these activities attained adult levels in the P3 group. This premature appearance of sucrase and NaK ATPase activities was associated with a decline in lactase levels. The exogenous administration of spermidine also elicited an increase in mucosal ODC activity.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1992

Characterization of the recombinant human receptor for Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin.

We report here the molecular characterization of a recombinant cell line (293-STaR) expressing the heat-stable enterotoxin receptor (STaR) from human intestine. We have compared the 293-STaR cell line with the human colonic cell line T84 that endogenously expresses STa binding sites. Scatchard analysis of displacement binding studies revealed a single STa binding site with an affinity (Ki) of 97 pM in 293-STaR compared with 55 pM in T84 cells. Saturation isotherms of STa binding gave a Kd of 94 pM for the cloned receptor expressed in 293 cells and 166 pM for the receptor present in T84 cells. Kinetic measurements of STa binding to 293-STaR gave an association rate constant, K1, of 2.4 x 10(8) M-1 min-1 and a dissociation rate constant, K2, of 0.016 min-1. The half-time of dissociation was 43 min, and the Kd calculated from the ratio of the kinetic constants was 67 pM. The pH profile of STa binding showed that the number of STa binding sites is increased 3-fold at pH 4.0 compared with pH 7.0, with no effect on binding affinity. A polyclonal antibody directed against the extracellular domain of STaR immunoprecipitated two proteins of approximately 140 and 160 kDa from both 293-STaR and T84 cells. Cross-linking of 125I-STa to 293-STaR cells resulted in the labeling of proteins with a molecular mass of approximately 153, 133, 81, 68, 56, and 49 kDa, the two smallest being the more abundant. Similar results have been reported for the STaR present on rat brush border membranes. These data suggest that the STaR-guanylyl cyclase identified by molecular cloning is the only receptor for STa present in T84 cells.

Bacterial Toxins↗