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Biomedical subjects

G Benoist

Publications and source records attributed to G Benoist.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Inflammatory bowel disease and pregnancy: report of 76 cases and review of the literature].

OBJECTIVE: Obstetrical prognosis for women suffering from Crohn's disease and from ulcerative colitis, and consequences of pregnancy on inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study, of 76 pregnancies, after the diagnosis of IBD among 77 women (33 ulcerative colitis, 44 Crohn's disease). RESULTS: Pregnancy did not modify the evolutive profile of IBD. No particular gravity of IBD revealed during pregnancy or post-partum was noticed. The outcome of the 54 pregnancies associated with quiescent IBD was the same as in the general population. Five of ten pregnancies started during an active period of Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis ended in fetal loss (3 spontaneous abortions, 2 medical terminations). In women with a first acute episode or IBD reactivation during pregnancy (n=12), one-third of the newborns were low weight for gestational age, one-third were born preterm and only one-third were term babies with normal weight. Vaginal delivery did not trigger development or exacerbation of perianal Crohn's disease (n=20). Cesarean section was performed in 2 with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (n=4) and 1 patient with an ileo-rectal anastomosis (n=3) to avoid injury to the anal sphincter. Ileostomy (n=2) did not contraindicate delivery. CONCLUSION: Control of IBD is the main obstetrical factor for prognosis. Starting pregnancy can be advised if the disease is quiescent, with rapid and efficient management of possible flare-ups. Delivery route must be determined on a case-by-case basis, each considering pregestational anal continence and the clinical presentation of the perineum.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1991

Spontaneous spinal epidural haematomas.

The spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma (SSEH) is a rarity, but the severe and permanent motor disability underlines its importance. From 1957 seven cases of SSEH have been diagnosed and operated on in the National Institute of Neurosurgery, Budapest. These cases are analysed and discussed. The clinical picture began with local pain of the spine and radicular signs but some hours or days later paraparesis or paraplegia and incontinence developed. In the discussed cases the neurological deficit progressed to complete para- or tetraplegia in 5 cases. Only 2 patients had partial spinal transverse lesions on admission. All patients underwent myelography to detect the spinal space occupying lesion and were operated on soon. Three patients recovered completely, 2 remained partly and 2 totally paralysed. The outcome depended mainly on the timing of neurological deficiency. If the neurological signs existed less than 8 hours the patients recovered completely or fairly well while the prognosis was poor if the transverse lesion persisted longer than 24 hours. The authors stress the importance of correct and fast decisions at the first medical examination for the outcome of this disease, because only immediate transfer to a neurosurgical department gives a chance of good recovery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Sensitivity of the short-range spinal interneurons of the cat to experimental spinal cord trauma.

The technique of retrograde axoplasmic transport was used to demonstrate the effect of experimental spinal cord injury on the spinal interneurons in the upper lumbar and lower thoracic segments of cats. Force of varied intensity was applied to the dorsal surface of the spinal cord and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the next caudal segment. A large impact (250 to 350 gm-cm) inducing permanent paraplegia of the hind legs blocked the axoplasmic transport instantaneously in both cranial and caudal directions. If 1 week elapsed between the trauma and injection, neurons cranial to the trauma did not show any evidence for retrograde axoplasmic transport, while few neurons in the caudal direction were labeled with HRP. A moderate impact (150 gm-cm) which rendered the animals only transiently paraplegic spared the axoplasmic transport in some neurons both cranially and caudally to the injection. No obvious recovery or additional loss in the number of HRP-labeled neurons could be found in the cats if the injections followed the trauma by 1 week. The loss of spinal cord neurons following the injury seems to be the immediate mechanical consequence of the trauma.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Supratentorial recurrences of gliomas. Results of reoperations on astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas.

On the basis of our previous investigation regarding histological transformation of recurrent astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas we report the clinical results of reoperations. The present observations deal with 121 cases: grade 1 astrocytomas (45), oligodendrogliomas (12), grade 2 astrocytomas (47), and oligodendrogliomas (17), respectively. In all these a second reoperation was performed in 14 cases. Operative mortality was relatively high, but without significant difference in the two groups of maligancy: 24.5% and 29.6%. Survival times in both groups showed striking individual differences. We achieved post-reoperation survivals exceeding one year in 18 and 14 cases, respectively. The results of second reoperations were generally poor. We find no remarkable differences in survival time following reoperations in primary grade 1 and grade 2 tumours. Similarly, malignant change proved to be not decisive for survival times. On the contrary, most of our patients with unchanged grade 1 astrocytomas, reoperated on after a longer interval, achieved a short second survival only. Prolongation of life expectancy by radiotherapy is doubtful. Irradiation seems to be necessary with malignantly transformed tumours if the patient did not have any treatment before reoperation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Change of local spinal cord blood flow in acute ischaemia.

The local blood flow of the spinal cord was recorded by the hydrogen polarographic method with platinum electrodes. The blood flow and its changes were measured during acute ischaemia caused by compression of the thoracic aorta, and also after release of compression. Ten cats were included in these experiments, and more than 100 measurements were made in the lumbar region of the spinal cord. In the grey matter a high flow was observed in every case, resembling that in the cerebral cortex. Reduction of the lumen of the thoracic aorta by one half resulted in a 23%, and by three quarters in a 60-70% decrease in blood flow. With total occlusion there was practically entire cessation of flow. Rapid restitution of blood supply in the grey matter of the spinal cord caused a 65%, and in the white matter a 170% increase in blood flow due to reactive hyperaemia. Normal flow rates returned within 2-2.5 minutes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Effect of ethyl apovincaminate on the cerebral circulation. Serial angiography and regional cerebral circulation studies in neurosurgical patients.

The effect of ethyl apovincaminate (RGH-4405, Cavinton) on the cerebral circulation has been studied with two methods in a series of neurosurgical patients. Regional circulation was studied with the H2 clearance method in five patients in whom deep electrodes were lodged in various cerebral structures with stereotactic surgery performed for the underlying disease. In connection with serial angiography of 25 patients 10 mg Cavinton was injected i.v.; circulation time of the contrast medium, arterial circulation time, changes of normal and pathological filling were appraised. Registered 15 min after administration, regional circulation showed significant increase, but slight increase was demonstrable in every structure investigated. The change was more marked in two elderly patients over 60 years. In eight cases of serial angiography marked difference was seen in filling by normal and pathological vessels on Cavinton effect; arterial circulation time changed in three cases, contrast medium circulation time did not in any of the cases. The most marked changes occurred in three cases of cerebral vascular disease. In two cases of glioma vascularization of the tumour was visualized by Cavinton.

Brain Diseases↗