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Biomedical subjects

G Benoit

Publications and source records attributed to G Benoit.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[In vivo and in vitro fertilizing ability of immature human epididymal spermatozoa].

In cases of congenital absence of vas deferens (9 patients) or after failure of previous epididymovasostomy (2 patients), in vitro fertilization (IVF) was attempted with spermatozoa surgically obtained at the epididymal caput level. These sperm populations showed little progressive motility (5.9 +/- 6.5%) and an marked necrozoospermia (19.3 +/- 17.4%). Stimulation by caffeine (4.5 mM) alone or associated with heterologue normal seminal fluid resulted in most of the cases in an initiation of motility with an improvement of the progressive velocity. In 9 IVF attempts, 31 mature oocytes were inseminated with 5.10(3) to 1.5.10(6) motile spermatozoa. The dynamic characteristics in 3 inseminated sperm populations were Vp (24.2 +/- 8.3 microns/s), Ah (8.6 +/- 2.0 microns) at room temperature. Sperm binding to zona pellucida was decreased (0 to about 20 spermatozoa per oocyte) and there was no fertilization. In the same period, 21 attempts of intra uterine insemination and 14 attempts of intracervical inseminations were made in 5 couples who remained infertile after patent high epididymovasostomy (4) or vasovasostomy (1) and having immature spermatozoa stimulated as previously described. Antisperm antibodies were detected on the ejaculated spermatozoa in four men. No pregnancy was obtained with these immature stimulated spermatozoa. The fertility of the female partners was confirmed in 3 women after insemination with donor sperm.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Oncocytoma of the kidney and oncocytic adenocarcinoma. 10 cases of oncocytoma].

Having studied 484 previously reported and 10 personal cases of oncocytomas we believe that the main controversies surrounding this tumor are related to the fact that the term oncocytoma is wrongly applied to all tumors with oncocytic cells. The term oncocytoma must be restricted to well encapsulated tumors, sometimes very large ones, made up solely from regular oncocytic cells. The benign clinical behavior of oncocytomas thus defined, is supported by numerous well documented observations in medical literature. Thanks to the progress made in radiology investigations and to better defined histological criteria, it is possible, by means of diagnosis with frozen sections, to practice partial surgery.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

The anatomy of erection.

Erection is due to a neurovascular mechanism: an inflow of arterial blood and an obstruction of venous return. The direction of this mechanism is of neurologic origin: (1) control of the smooth muscle tissue of the corpora cavernosa by the autonomic system controlled by reflex centers in the cord or cortical centers accessible to multiple (visual) stimuli (2) control of the perineal muscles by the somatic system. Tumescence is due to a reduction in the alpha-sympathetic tonus of the cavernous tissue permitting influx of arterial blood, and to decreased venous flow from compression of the subalbugineal venous network against the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum. Once this obstruction to the venous return has been achieved, the arterial flow in the corpora cavernosa decreases but persists; the arterial blood in the corpora cavernosa is renewed and not shut off. Rigidity is due to an increase in intracavernous arterial pressure simultaneous with contraction of the perineal muscles (ischiocavernosus) under the somatic control of the pudendal nerve.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Demonstration of complex dysregulation of anti-cytomegalovirus T-cellular immunity in Kaposi's sarcoma following renal transplantation].

An increased incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma is well known in renal transplant recipients in whom it may represent up to 3 p. 100 of all de novo tumours. This sarcoma has a close relationship with the potential oncogenicity of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) and with chronic immunological deficiency. Anti-CMV immunity is based on the integrity of cytotoxic cellular functions such as those of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), "natural killers" cells, and K cells which function in the antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) system. Two cases of Kaposi's sarcoma were observed out of a total of 700 renal transplant recipients; they underwent the following investigations: lymphocyte sub-group counts by murine monoclonal antibodies, lymphocyte proliferation to lectins and allogenic cells, NK activity and generation of specific auxiliary and cytotoxic anti-CMV cells. Both cases of Kaposi's sarcoma were seropositive for CMV and seronegative for LAV. In one case, an abnormal number of peripheral OKT9 + lymphocytes (normally a thymocytic marker) was observed with small numbers of OKT4/OKT8, a reduced proliferative response to mitogens and allogenic cells. All these in vitro changes persisted despite reduction of immunosuppressive therapy and clinical improvement. A clinical and biological cure was only obtained after withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy and return to haemodialysis. In the second case of Kaposi's sarcoma, the initial biochemical changes were minimal and a clinical cure was obtained by decreasing the immunosuppressive therapy. These two cases illustrate the complex dysregulation of the immune system in Kaposi's sarcoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Results of the treatment of renal artery stenosis in transplanted kidneys].

Fifty-six renal artery stenoses involving transplanted kidneys among a series of 819 renal transplants performed from 1978 to 1986 were treated. Forty-two patients underwent surgery. Surgery was the initial treatment in 38 cases and followed failed or complicated dilatation in four cases. Surgical treatment ensured successful control of hypertension in 85% of cases with a mean time lag of 26 months. Recurrence rate was 12%. Two patients died in the perioperative period. Percutaneous dilatation was performed in 18 renal artery stenoses and ensured control of hypertension in 61% of cases with a mean time lag of 19.6 months and a 33% recurrence rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Results, over a 3-year, period of a triple combination: cyclosporin, azathioprine, prednisolone in high-risk kidney transplants].

A prospective study was conducted on 57 high-risk patients having received cadaver renal transplants between January 1983 and May 1984, and submitted to the triple combination: cyclosporine, azathioprine, and steroids. 23 patients of Group I including 12 pre-sensitized and poorly matched recipients were treated from the Day 1 post-transplant. 34 patients of Group II received the triple combination following a steroid-ALG resistant rejection. Actuarial graft survival in the whole group was 74%, 64%, and 64% at 1, 2, and 3 years respectively. Patient survival was 100% in the Group I, vs 85% at 1 year, and 82% at 2 years in the group II (p less than 0.02). The incidence of infectious complications and infectious deaths was significantly higher in patients of Group II. Our results suggest the effectiveness of a triple low-doses combination in high-risk renal transplantation, but the delayed use of this combination following a treatment with high-doses of steroids and ALG fails to reverse the rejection, with an obvious overimmunosuppression risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Value of DTPA scintigraphy following furosemide injection in the diagnosis of obstruction in renal transplantation].

Following development of dilatation on ultrasonography and/or intravenous pyelography in the course of follow-up after renal transplantation, a dilatation due to obstruction must be distinguished from dilatation without obstruction. DTPA scintigraphy is frequently used for the diagnosis of hydronephrosis caused by an anomaly of the pyeloureteric junction. In renal transplantation, this examination is used less frequently. The authors report a prospective study of Lasilix scintigraphy in the diagnosis of obstruction in 30 renal transplant. The results presenting with stasis of their transplant. The results were classified into 4 groups according to O'Reilly's classification and were compared with the course of the stasis. Lasilix scintigraphy demonstrated a specificity of 93% and a sensitivity of 63%. The role of stasis in the deterioration of the renal function of a transplant is difficult to evaluate. In cases of stasis with altered renal function, the authors propose the addition of study of the renal parenchyma by renal biopsy, which excludes rejection and Cyclosporin nephrotoxicity. When the renal biopsy is normal, the kidney should be drained by percutaneous nephrostomy which evaluates the capacity of recovery of renal function and determines the indication for antegrade dilatation or surgical repair.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[The anatomy of erection].

The authors review the current knowledge concerning the anatomy of erection. The nervi erigentes pass through the hypogastric plexus, travel along the cavernous nerve and terminate in the smooth muscle of the erectile bodies. There appears to be three types of nerves: adrenergic nerves, cholinergic nerves and non-adrenergic, noncholinergic nerves. The arterial blood supply is derived from branches of the internal pudendal artery. The venous drainage occurs via the circumflex veins towards the deep dorsal vein of the penis. The corpus cavernosum is composed of a thick, extensible albuginea which contains an extensible vascular network surrounded by smooth muscle tissue, which, when it contracts, appears to induce detumescence and, when it relaxes, appears to allow inflow of blood into the erectile bodies.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

[Intravenous digital angiography in the kidney transplant patient: results of a systematic prospective study in 164 patients].

A prospective study on digital intravenous angiography (DIVA) in 164 renal transplant recipients performed from 1 to 2 months post-transplant was conducted to assess its usefulness in the screening of post-transplant renal artery stenosis (RAS). DIVA was uninterpretable in 32 patients (19%) on technical grounds (blood vessel or metallic clip superimposed). The global prevalence of RAS was 10.7% in 132 patients whose DIVA was informative. No correlation was found between the prevalence of RAS and renal function. The prevalence of RAS was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the hypertensive (26%) than in the normotensive group (6.6%), but RAS may occur in normotensive or even asymptomatic patients. Our data confirm the usefulness of routine post-transplant renal artery screening but arterial way will be preferred.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Expression of blood group antigens in 30 patients with transitional-cell carcinomas of the bladder].

From the follow up of 30 patients whose bladder tumours were repeatedly resected over a period ranging from several months to 18 years, we carried out a study of AGS Antigen expression using an A B O histokit. We were able to establish that this histokit is reliable and very easy to use. We also observed in the urothelial tumours a modification in AGS expression tending towards frequent loss. The AGS staining coincides with the grade of the tumour. Tumours totally stained are always of low grade. However, in this short group of patients, we were unable to draw any interesting correlation between the immunological profile and the clinical course of the transitional bladder carcinomas. In the case of patients with superficial tumours whose histological aspect and clinical course are comparable, the immunological aspect differs. It must be emphasised that in subsequent studies necessary to establish the prognosis of bladder tumours the A B O histokit is easy to use in conjunction with the histological study.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1986

[Urologic complications of renal transplantation. Role of the length of the ureter].

Four hundred and thirty renal transplantations have been performed over a 5-year period during which there was a switch of surgical technique towards uretero-vesical anastomosis. In this paper, the urological complications observed are studied according to the site of transplantation, the position of the kidney, the type of anastomosis and the length of the ureter. Kidneys that were transplanted in iliac position gave rise to more complications than those transplanted in pelvic position, and reversing the kidney increased the number of urological complications. The complication rate was 6.7% with the uretero-vesical anastomosis and 12% with the uretero-ureteral anastomosis. The best results were obtained when the kidney was transplanted into the iliac fossa in pelvic position with its upper pole upward and its ureter anastomosed with the bladder: in 274 transplantations performed with this technique the complication rate was 4.7%. This study of different types of transplantation shows that the main factor is the ureteral length utilized: the longer that segment of the ureter, the more numerous the urological complications.

Constriction, Pathologic↗