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Biomedical subjects

G Benoit

Publications and source records attributed to G Benoit.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney in adults].

The authors present a general review of autosomal dominant transmission of polycystic kidneys. It represents 10% of all causes for haemodialysis. Its penetrance is close to 100%. The dominant aetiology at the present time is obstruction due to hyperplasia of the tubular epithelium which induces cystic dilatation which extends to involve all of the nephron. The cysts are cortical and medullary. The diagnosis is based on an association of enlarged kidney and a family history. The commonest associated abnormalities are hepatic cysts in 60% of cases, cerebral aneurysms in 10 to 20% of cases and colonic diverticulosis in 80% of cases. At the stage of renal failure, patients must be treated for hypertension and deterioration in nephron function must be prevented by a low protein diet. When the patient reaches the stage of renal failure and must be dialysed, he must be rapidly enrolled in a transplantation programme as the actuarial graft survival is more than 80% at 1 year and more than 70% at 5 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney in adults and transplantation].

Seventy-six patients with polycystic kidneys were followed in the Bicêtre renal transplantation unit. Fifty four were transplanted. Fifty two nephrectomies were performed in these patients essentially because of the size of the kidney and for renal infections. Fifty four patients were transplanted at a mean of 44 years. The actuarial survival of the patients at one year and at three years was 92% and 88% and the actuarial survival of the grafts at one year and at five years was 87% and 71%. These results are comparable to those obtained in other patients transplanted in the unit. Pre-transplantation nephrectomy and the patient's age do not aggravate the prognosis. Nephrectomy may be justified in these patients when they must be transplanted as transplantation currently gives very good results.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Harvesting multiple organs].

The development of organ transplants is limited by the shortage of organs. The improvement of this situation depends on two factors: increased awareness by the general public that refraining from refusing the removal of organs from the body of a patient with brain death is the most modern form of solidarity; and increased awareness by the medical profession that removal of organs should be proposed for every patient with brain death and that adequate resuscitative techniques should be used to preserve the organs in these patients. When the decision to harvest organs is taken, the transplant specialists must decide whether an organ should be used or not. Advances have been made in preservation techniques but are still insufficient to allow a reduction in immunosuppression. The UW solution is a major advance for liver, kidney and pancreas transplants. During harvesting, the separation of the vascular pedicles requires a good knowledge of surgical anatomy. Furthermore, the needs of the other surgical groups should be taken into account and concessions made to allow the harvesting of the greatest possible number of organs and consequently the treatment of the largest number of patients awaiting organs.

Brain Death↗
PubMed1990

[Computer-assisted prostate reconstruction].

The authors report a technique of computer assisted three-dimensional reconstruction using the information obtained from serial sections collected on a digitalizing table. This reconstruction was performed with a popular personal computer: Macintosh. This technique was applied to the reconstruction of the animal prostate.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment of PT1 tumors of the bladder using transurethral resection and intravesical immunotherapy].

Twenty-six patients with a PT1 urothelial bladder tumour were treated by transurethral resection and endovesical BCG. The authors compared previously untreated patients with patients with a history of bladder tumour present for an average of 4.6 years. The results of this study show that 72% of bladders in the first group were preserved compared with 53% in the second group. 45% of patients in whom the tumour invaded the superficial lamina propria developed a recurrence compared with 100% of tumours with invasion of the deep lamina propria. 25% of patients who developed a recurrence died in the course of this study.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1990

[A double balloon catheter for the procurement of abdominal organs].

When harvesting kidneys, a double balloon catheter can be inserted either at the bedside if cardiac arrest occurs or in the operating room. This catheter reduces the time required for dissection of the aorta and decreases the amount of fluid needed to cool the organs.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1989

[Optimization of multiple abdominal organ procurement].

Multiple abdominal organ procurement should enable the kidneys, the liver and the whole pancreas to be removed. Simultaneous removal of the liver and pancreas depends on arterial variations. In subjects with one single hepatic artery simultaneous removal of the liver and the whole pancreas is always possible. In subjects with right hepatic artery, the whole pancreas can only be removed if the right hepatic artery and the median hepatic artery can be left to the liver transplanter and if the coeliac trunk, the common hepatic artery, the gastroduodenal artery and the splenic artery can be preserved to feed the pancreas.

Hepatic Artery↗
PubMed1989

Analysis of mucosal bladder leucocyte subpopulations in patients treated with intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin.

Immunohistochemical techniques were used to investigate leucocyte subpopulations in the bladders of patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma treated with BCG Pasteur. Leucocyte subsets were enumerated with a panel of monoclonal antibodies which included CD3, CD4, CD8, TQ1, Leu7, CD15, HLA-DR, CD25, CD22. We demonstrated in the bladders of patients treated with BCG a particular lymphocyte population; the major subset was an inducer (CD4+, TQ1-) which was activated (CD25+, HLA-DR+) and associated with polymorphonuclear eosinophils. There was neither inducer of suppression nor major cytotoxic/suppressive subsets. CD8+ and NK cells could not be the primary mediators of BCG activity. These data supported the hypothesis of a helper T lymphocyte activity associated with lymphokine production and activation of effector killer cells.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1989

Anatomical basis of whole pancreas transplantation.

Combined liver and whole pancreas procurement is feasible provided that anatomical variations of the hepatic a. are kept in mind and recognised. In case of a single middle hepatic a., the pancreas can be procured with the celiac axis and the superior mesenteric a. The liver is harvested with all its artery. In case of a left hepatic a., the liver should have the celiac axis, the left and the middle hepatic a. The pancreas is harvested with the superior mesenteric a. on which the splenic a. will be implanted, provided that the dorsal pancreatic a. is really coming from the splenic a. In case of a right hepatic a., the liver is procured with the middle hepatic a., the right hepatic a. and the superior mesenteric a. The pancreas will have the celiac axis, the common hepatic a. with the gastroduodenal branch and the splenic a.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Value of antegrade ureteral dilation for late ureter obstruction in renal transplants.

We report on eight kidney-allografted patients treated for delayed ureteral obstruction between January 1986 and January 1987. In all cases, standard endourological dilation was performed using a balloon catheter, and this was followed by insertion of a pigtail stent. All eight cases showed improvement 1 month after dilation (decrease in creatinine and caliceal dilation). At 6 months, renal function had deteriorated in six patients but remained good in two. One of the six patients was redilated with apparently good results. The remaining five were operated on using their own ureter. We conclude that while internal drainage helps in distinguishing between obstruction and other causes of creatinine increase, antegrade dilation is the treatment of choice for delayed ureteral obstruction.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1989

[Comparative study of the University of Wisconsin solution versus Eurocollins in kidney transplant].

UW (University of Wisconsin) solution, formulated by Belzer's team in Madison, has already been proved to increase cold ischemia time in liver and pancreas preservation. A multicentre clinical trial is being conducted to compare renal preservation in human transplantation using two different solutions: UW and Eurocollins (EC). This paper, whose results will be included in the multicentre trial, reports local comparative results between UW and EC perfused Kidneys. The two donor populations UW (28 cases) and EC (47 cases) were not randomized. They were however comparable in renal function prior to harvesting but not in age (35 +/- 13.4 years EC versus 27.7 +/- 12.4 years UW). The two recipient populations (48 EC versus 48 UW) were more homogeneous. Comparative results were significant with better graft function in the UW group: creatinine at one week: 499.2 +/- 296.3 EC versus 277.6 +/- 226.2 mumol/l, p less than 0.0001; creatinine at one month: 228.7 +/- 135 EC versus 159.7 +/- 135.6 mumol/l, p less than 0.02 and a decrease in acute tubular necrosis (39.5% EC versus 14.5% UW) and hospital stay. These results justify the use of UW solution by intraaortic flush especially during multi-organ procurement.

Adenosine↗