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Biomedical subjects

G Berger

Publications and source records attributed to G Berger.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Liver tumors: follow-up with P-31 MR spectroscopy after local chemotherapy and chemoembolization.

The authors examined and quantified the changes observed in the phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance (MR) spectra of liver tumors after chemotherapy and chemoembolization to investigate the suitability of P-31 MR spectroscopy for follow-up. A 1.5-T unit was used before and at specific times during therapy to obtain spectra of liver tumors in 10 patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma and two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. A marked increase in inorganic phosphate and a decrease in the alpha- and beta-nucleotide phosphate portions of the spectra were observed during the first few hours after local chemotherapy or chemoembolization. Later, the phosphomonoester signals increased markedly and the phosphodiester signals decreased slightly. The effects of successful chemoembolization or local chemotherapy become apparent in the P-31 MR spectrum during the first few hours after the start of therapy. The results demonstrate that P-31 MR spectroscopy is a suitable method for follow-up. However, long-term studies are needed to determine whether it also yields prognostic information.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1979

Brain distribution and kinetics of 11C-chlorpromazine in schizophrenics: positron emission tomography studies.

The positron emitter 11C (20 minutes half-life) permits the labeling of chlorpromazine (CPZ) and the study of its distribution in humans by external counting. Trace amounts of 11C-CPZ were injected intravenously into 22 schizophrenic patients all untreated for several months with neuroleptics. The brain uptake was 6.04 +/- 1.6% of the injected dose 15 minutes after the injection, and it remained constant for 45 minutes. By positron emission tomography, the drug distribution was shown to be in the gray matter, and such structures as the cortex, caudate nucleus, thalamus and putamen could be identified. This new methodology will be helpful in studying specific receptors in humans in a noninvasive way.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Methods of tissue characterization with ultrasonic spectroscopy, analysis of the results obtained, prospects for clinical application in a short time].

So far, to account for ultrasonic attenuation in soft tissues molecular scale relaxation theory is retained. In addition to these mechanisms, the authors have obtained experimental evidence proving the role also plaid by cellular scale resonance mechanisms. Moreover, in addition to incoherent diffusion, it has been found that some tissues exhibit some coherent diffusion. All these experimental findings allows us to establish the feasability of non invasive ultrasonic biopsies.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[1st animal experimental results with Bio-Vitroceramic implantations].

In the framework of an expensive research project, the author made animal experiments to compare the bio-active behaviour of bio-vitroceramic implants with that of implants currently used. After experiments for more than a year, the author presents his first scanning electron microscopical findings that are indicative of direct binding of the implant to the bone.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Practical immunocytochemistry of the endocrine pancreas].

Complementing cytochemical and ultrastructural studies, immunocytochemistry may be used to define, in terms of immunoreactivity, the nature of the polypeptide(s) made and stored in the cells of the endocrine pancreas, islet or otherwise. Immunoserums are applied to histological sections after fixation of the material in Bouin's fluid, and in accordance with four protocols: indirect immunofluorescence, immuno-enzymatic technique, variants in prolonged primary incubation and the method of soluble peroxidase-antiperoxidase complexes. Certain precautions are essential for correct interpretation. In the adult, four essential immunoreactions, corresponding to hormones or "local hormones" are regularly detected:insulin, pancreatic glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide. The cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of the cells involved are known (B, A and D cells for the first three specificities). C-peptide immunoreactivity is easily identified, but other immunoreactivities are more irregular or contested: gastrin, cholecystokinin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, ACTH, met-enkephalin.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Immunocytochemistry of pancreatic and pancreatico-duodenal apudomas].

Immunocytochemical techniques, applied to material fixed with Bouin's fluid and using immune sera specific to various hormonal polypeptide(s), give a classification of pancreatic and pancreatico-duodenal apudomas based upon cellular functional activity. With a rane containing a minimum of five antibodies (gastrin, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide), 15 tumours could be identified amongst the 22 tested. They were either "monohormonal" tumours (10 cases) or "bi- or polyhormonal" tumours (5 cases). In the remaining 7 cases, only rare cells were immunoreactive. A large number of immunoreactivities thus revealed in histological sections are clinically silent or are present in a "forme fruste".

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Duodenal ulcer associated with a pyloric microgastrinoma and antropyloric focal gastrinosis (author's transl)].

In a patient with a duodenal ulcer, with acid hypersecretion and moderately disturbed gastrin secretion tests, immunocytochemical examination of the vagotomy-antrectomy specimen revealed a pyloric microgastrinoma (clinically silent and apparently benign) and focal antropyloric gastrinosis. These localised lesions represent a new variant of abnormalities affecting the gastrin cells in the context of hypersecretory duodenal ulcers.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1978

Carbon 11 labeling of the psychoactive drug o-methyl-bufotenine and its distribution in the animal organism.

A methylated derivative of serotonin, O-methyl-bufotenine has been labeled with 11C on the two methyl groups of the amine function. In order to avoid the cyclization which occurs during the Eschweiler-Clarke synthesis, we adopted a milder methylation procedure, based on Borch's method using [11C]formaldehyde and sodium cyanoborohydride. Several tens of millicuries of injectable product could be obtained in 50 min in a perfectly pure state and having a specific radioactivity of 50 to 100 mCi/mumol. The distribution study of O-methyl-bufotenine in the mouse and rabbit showed an accumulation of significant quantities of the compound in the brain, kidneys, lungs and liver. The study of the rapid kinetics of this hallucinogenic molecule is compatible with labeling by 11C, having a period of 20 min. The use of O-methyl-[11C]bufotenine to detect serotonin receptors in vivo in mental diseases, is considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of the effectiveness of a high school course in cardiovascular nutrition.

High school biology students participated in a cardiovascular nutrition education program. The program was evaluated for its effect on the student's knowledge, attitudes, reported eating behavior, and serum lipid levels by matching individual's pre-and post-program results. There was a significant improvement in cardiovascular nutrition knowledge and attitudes toward a low cholesterol pattern of eating. There was also a signigicant improvement in reported eating patterns. However, the rise in serum cholesterol levels one year later did not differ from the rise in serum cholesterol levels in a control school. Improvement in attitudes and reported eating behavior was significantly greater for students whose initial cholesterol level was in the upper quartile of U.S. 16-year olds.

Adolescent↗