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Biomedical subjects

G Berthold

Publications and source records attributed to G Berthold.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Molecular characterization of a multiply resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae encoding ESBLs and a plasmid-mediated AmpC.

Organisms encoding multiple antibiotic resistance genes are becoming increasingly prevalent. In this report we describe a multiply resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae which possesses at least five different beta-lactamase genes. Isoelectric focusing, polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis identified TEM-1, multiple SHVs, OXA-9 and a plasmid-mediated ampC, beta-lactamase. Furthermore, Southern analysis and conjugation experiments established that most of the resistance genes were encoded on one large transferable plasmid. This report demonstrates the complexity of multiply resistant organisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Improved immunoglobulin production in dialysis patients treated with recombinant erythropoietin.

Improvements in B lymphocyte function have been reported in hemodialysis patients receiving erythropoietin. The present investigation studied whether erythropoietin interferes with B cell function and the mechanisms of this effect. Antibody production by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (7 days) from 15 dialysis patients before and during erythropoietin treatment and from 14 healthy controls was followed. IgG and IgA were formed less in the uremic group than in healthy subjects. After 8 weeks of erythropoietin (hematocrit rose from 19 to 31%) basal IgG formation by PBMC rose from 304 +/- 83 to 566 +/- 49 ng/ml (p less than 0.02), while IgA production rose from 380 +/- 121 to 563 +/- 362 ng/ml (p less than 0.01). IgM production, which appeared to be normal in uremia, remained unchanged during erythropoietin treatment. Production of IgG and IgA stimulated by pokeweed-mitogen was subnormal in uremia, but improved under erythropoietin therapy. To establish whether erythropoietin acted by itself or through correction of the renal anemia, healthy PBMC were directly incubated with 2 U/ml of erythropoietin. Under these conditions production of IgG (+19%), IgA (+28%), and IgM (+32%) was enhanced. Taken together these data indicate a direct stimulant effect of erythropoietin on B lymphocytes in end-stage renal failure.

Anemia↗
PubMed1991

[Definition of a leak model and derivation of formulas for quantifying the accompanying leak surfaces in the anesthetic system].

Our intention was to conceive a simple model for the evaluation of well-defined leakages in the anesthetic breathing system. Utilization of any model requires a formula to calculate the corresponding leakage surfaces. METHOD. The leak is defined as the projection of a circle (radius r) onto the surface of a cylinder (radius R) in which anesthetic gas is flowing. If we remove the leakage surface from the cylinder and flatten it out this produces neither a circular nor an elliptic shape. We will develop an expression for the leakage surface depending on the two radii, r and R, in a two-dimensional coordinate system. RESULTS. Formulas (3), (4) and (5) can be used to compute leakage areas for our model. An analytic solution of the equations is impossible by the application of calculus, but a PC program for numeric integration can yield values with a sufficient degree of accuracy. Some results for well-defined leakages in breathing tubes (R = 11 mm) are shown. These show that the difference between the leakage area and the projected circle (radius r) can practically be neglected for some values of r. CONCLUSION. Leakages in most anesthetic breathing systems cause some gas loss. The main causes are leaking plug connections and screw joints. Damage to the breathing tubes or bellows is less significant. Part of the tidal volume will disperse into the environment via the leak. This might be hazardous for the patient because the breathing volume and inspiratory oxygen concentration are reduced and for the operating team because of air pollution. To examine how such parameters as flow, compliance and resistance cause loss of pressure and volume and variations in gas concentration in the case of leakages an appropriate model of practical use is needed. Application of the formulas derived from our model makes it possible to compare measurements gained from studying the impacts of leakages in cylindrical tubes of different diameters. By experimental research of pressure and volume loss we intend to gather reliable information that will allow us to make proper recommendations for efficient setting of the pressure disconnection alarm.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗