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Biomedical subjects

G Bhatia

Publications and source records attributed to G Bhatia.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Prevalence of measles antibodies in adults with HIV infection: possible risk factors of measles seronegativity.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of measles (rubeola) immunity in a group of HIV-1-infected adults and to examine predictors of measles seronegativity in this population. SETTING: County hospital outpatient clinic and public-health department early HIV intervention clinic. PATIENTS: A total of 262 HIV-infected adults presenting to outpatient clinics between September 1990 and January 1991. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were screened for the presence of measles immunoglobulin G antibody, as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pertinent clinical and immunologic information was recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify possible risk factors for measles seronegativity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Measles seronegativity, as defined by a lack of detectable antibody (ELISA predicted index value < 1.0). RESULTS: Thirteen (5%) patients lacked serologic evidence of immunity. Risk factors for measles seronegativity included year of birth in 1957 or later, Caucasian (non-Hispanic) race and oral hairy leukoplakia. Factors associated with progressive HIV disease (other than hairy leukoplakia) were not associated with a lack of existing immunity. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence (95%) of measles antibody was found in this large group of HIV-infected adults. Young, white individuals born in 1957 or later were at the greatest risk for measles seronegativity, but declining immunity due to progressive HIV infection did not appear to be associated with a lack of antibody. Self-reported histories of measles infection or immunization were not reliable predictors of measles immunity.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1992

The Indian langur: preliminary report of a new nonhuman primate host for visceral leishmaniasis.

Described are the susceptibility of the Indian langur (Presbytis entellus) to Leishmania donovani and the consequent haematological and serum biochemical changes. The host response to antileishmanial chemotherapy and the immunological profile were also examined. Each langur was inoculated intravenously with 1 x 10(8) amastigotes; a spleen biopsy carried out on day 35 post-infection (p.i.) revealed 10-13 L. donovani bodies per 500 cell nuclei, which reached a maximum of 130-195 at death (day 105-110 p.i.). The infected monkeys lost body weight, developed severe anaemia, lymphocytosis, hyperproteinaemia, hypergammaglobulinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia and an increase in the level of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase (AAT). Treatment with sodium stibogluconate (60 mg Sb5+ per kg body weight intramuscularly for 10 days) reduced the number of spleen parasites (0-1 amastigotes per 500 cell nuclei) but after the therapy the parasites appeared in the skin, which had previously been free of infection. Relapse occurred on day 30 post-treatment (10-24 amastigotes per 500 cell nuclei) and the parasites were resistant to repeat intensive therapy (120 mg Sb5+ per kg per day x 30 days). The stibogluconate treatment caused a proportionate reduction in the haematological and biochemical parameters to normal values except for alkaline phosphatase and AAT, which remained elevated. The level of IgG antibodies, which rose during the infection, rapidly fell to the pretreatment value following the first therapeutic schedule and then increased a second time coinciding with relapse. Our findings suggest that langurs could serve as acceptable models for human visceral leishmaniasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of purine nucleoside analogues with a cyclobutane ring and erythromycin A oxime derivatives on duck hepatitis B virus replication in vivo and in cell culture and HIV-1 in cell culture.

The effects on duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) replication of specific analogues of two classes of chemical compounds not previously tested against hepadnaviruses are described. One is erythromycin A-9-methyloxime (EMO) and other oxime derivatives of erythromycin A, and the other is purine nucleoside analogues (cyclobut A and cyclobut G) with cyclobutane rings. Viral replication was assessed by measuring serum levels of DHBV DNA in infected ducklings and DHBV DNA in infected primary duck hepatocyte cultures. Administration of EMO 15 mg/kg of body weight IM to infected ducklings resulted in a rapid fall in DHBV DNA levels during therapy and a return to pretreatment levels after EMO administration was stopped. There was local toxicity at injection sites with muscle necrosis in some animals. When 100 mg/kg EMO was administered by gastric tube no such viral response was observed. The difference in virus response to EMO 15mg/kg IM and 100 mg/kg by gastric tube was not due to failure to achieve comparable blood and tissue levels of EMO administered by the different routes. The results suggest an indirect effect dependent on IM injection of EMO rather than a direct antiviral effect of the compound. Administration of cyclobut G or cyclobut A at 70 mg/kg IM led to a rapid reduction of DHBV DNA to undetectable levels in serum, and in only 1 of 4 animals did DHBV DNA became detectable again within 10 days after stopping the drug.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenine↗
PubMed1989

Pharmacokinetics of rifabutin.

We investigated the pharmacokinetics of rifabutin in 15 male patients as part of a phase I trial of the treatment of early symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection. Six or more patients were studied at each of four different oral dosage levels: 300, 600, 900, and 1,200 mg/day. Twelve studies were also conducted with tracer doses of intravenous radiolabeled [14C]rifabutin. Blood and urine samples were collected for at least 72 h after the first (day 1) and last (day 28) doses of rifabutin and analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The plasma concentration data were best described by a two-compartment open model with a terminal half-life of 36 h. Rifabutin was rapidly absorbed, reaching a peak concentration about 2 to 3 h after an oral dose. Peak and trough concentrations for the 1,200-mg dose were 907 and 194 ng/ml, respectively. Total body clearance was 10 to 18 liters/h. Oral bioavailability was 12 to 20%. The drug was moderately bound to plasma proteins with a free fraction of 29 +/- 2% (mean +/- standard deviation). About 10% of an administered intravenous dose of rifabutin is excreted into the urine unchanged. Renal clearance was 1.5 +/- 0.2 liters/h. The volume of distribution was large (8 to 9 liters/kg), suggesting extensive distribution into the tissues. The area under the curve for the last dose was smaller than that of the first dose, suggesting possible induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1984

Pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma associated with strongyloides.

A 60-year-old woman presented with a mass in the left upper abdominal quadrant. Noninvasive studies showed a cystic structure arising from the pancreas. Pathologic studies of the tumor revealed pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma; the fluid contained Strongyloides larvae. There was no evidence of disseminated Strongyloides or immunosuppression. Results of stool examinations were also negative for Strongyloides. Were these larvae the etiologic agent for the carcinoma? Other parasitic infestations have been associated with carcinoma. This is the first reported association between Strongyloides and cystadenocarcinoma.

Cystadenocarcinoma↗