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Biomedical subjects

G Bianchini

Publications and source records attributed to G Bianchini.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Physiopathological and therapeutic aspects of vitamin D (author's transl)].

In the last decade our knowledge on vitamin D has grown considerably due to the identification of numerous steps of the vitamin D metabolism and to the isolation and synthesis of active metabolites. Therefore a lot of progress had been made in the understanding of the physiological mechanism of regulating blood calcium homeostasis and of the pathogenesis of many related diseases. The diseases connected to the calcium-phosphate metabolism requiring treatment with vitamin D and its metabolites are numerous. The basis for a rational therapeutic approach is provided by the new concepts on the pathogensis of the various diseases and on the pharmacology of vitamin D metabolites. Pure vitamin D depletion may be controlled with physiological doses of vitamin D. Administration of 25-OHD3 is advisable in chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis accompanied by a defect of 25-hydroxylation and/or intestinal loss of the metabolite. A defect in the synthesis of 1,25-(OH)2D3, the metabolite of renal origin, is present in an interesting and wide group of diseases. These are: chronic renal insufficiency, hypoparathyroidism, hypocalcemic D-resistant rickets and senile or post-menopausal osteoporosis. In the treatment of this group of diseases, which sometimes is of a preventive nature, it is preferable to administer the dihydroxylated metabolites of vitamin D. The results of treatments and prevention in a few selected conditions are reported.

Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder↗
PubMed1980

[Geriatric surgery: a clinical and statistical contribution based on five years' experience (author's transl)].

The Authors offer a critical review of their own five-year experience in the field of geriatric surgery, with special attention to actual results obtained. From these data they conclude that the progressive improvement of said results, such as it emerges from the documentation, owes partly to the surgeon's greater ability to cope with geriatric problems in his domain, and partly to increased awareness of the resources of geriatric surgery by the lay population.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[Behavior of serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in humans after administration of vitamin D and 25-OHD3].

Serum levels of 25 hydroxycholecalciferol were evaluated following i.m. and p.o. vit. D2 and D3 and p.o. 25OHD3 administration. While no increment in 25OHD3 serum levels were observed after i. m. administration of non-hydroxylated calciferols, a marked increment of the metabolite was found following the oral administration. However the peak values were largely impredictable. Acute and chronic p.o. administration of 25OHD3 determines a rapid and dose-dependent increase of the serum levels of the metabolite. In addition considering that a lower dosage is required of 25OHD3 compared to vit. D, this metabolite is preferable in the therapeutic use.

Cholecalciferol↗
PubMed1979

25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the treatment of renal osteodystrophy in haemodialysed patients.

The effects of 25-OHD3 on renal osteodystrophy have been studied in 6 patients on maintenance haemodialysis. Administration of 25-OHD3, 50 microgram/day, did not improve biochemical data and intestinal absorption of calcium. With a dose of 100 microgram/day in all patients an increase in blood calcium levels eventually reaching hypercalcemic values was observed. In two cases a fall in alkaline phosphatase toward normal values was noted. In the same cases the treatment-induced hyperphosphatemia, uncontrolled by AI(OH)3 supplementation and similarly high iPTH levels were observed. In two cases repeated bone biopsy following 8 months treatment and not show substantial improvement of bone lesions. In one case addition of 1,25-(OH)2D3 to the treatment with 25-OHD3 led to a more rapid improvement in biochemical parameters and iPTH serum levels. Doses of 25-OHD3 capable to correct blood calcium levels and intestinal absorption of calcium, may have minimal benefit on the osteitis fibrosa component of the bone lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Validity of retrograde peripheral phlebography (author's transl)].

The Authors present and discuss the results obtained in phlebographic exploration by a particular method, namely retrograde peripheral phlebography. After describing the technicalities of this procedure, they evaluated its advantages and disadvantages, and conclude by recommending a more widespread use of this examination.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Single cell observations of gas reactions and shape changes in normal and sickling erythrocytes.

Microspectrophotometry has been applied to single red blood cells to reinvestigate the linked processes of diffusion of gases inside the erythrocyte and their combination with hemoglobin. The experiments took advantage of the photosensitivity of the cabron monoxide derivative of hemoglobin, which allows ligand release from the CO-saturated red cells under strong illumination and recombination when the light is switched off. The photochemical method was also used to study the kinetics of sickling on ligand removal in single erythrocytes of Hb S carriers. The results give new information on the mechanism of the sickling process.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1977

[Experimental research on the artificially induced antibody immunity in the healthy man and in the patient with liver cirrhosis].

The ability to produce antibodies against strong (S. typhosa and S. paratyphi) and weak (tetanus toxide) antigens and the consequent changes in serum IgG's, IgA's, and IgM's were compared in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and healthy controls. A significantly higher response, especially to strong antigens, was noted in the cirrhotics, while their bone marrow contained an appreciably greater number of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Increased Ig production in cirrhosis is seen as the expression of general over-production of antibodies and hence devoid of any specific relation to its immune pathogenesis. The conclusion is drawn that the liver may be in some way responsible for the regulation of antibody synthesis and that this capability is "disinhibted" in cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Spectroscopic properties and related functions of the stigma measured in living cells of Euglena gracilis.

The spectroscopic properties of stigma inside green and dark-grown cells and of isolated stigma globules have been studied by means of a microspectrophotometer build in the Laboratory. On the base of these results and of the analysis of the absorption spectra of a stigma suspension, cell suspension and the cell methanolic extracts, it can be inferred that pigments localized in the stigma are free carotenoids which are not closely packed and do not show an ordered arrangement. Furthermore, the efficiency of the stigma as shading device is duscussed.

Carotenoids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differential induction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase in two cotton species following inoculation with Verticillium.

Gossypium barbadense cottons are typically more resistant to wilt pathogens than are Gossypium hirsutum cultivars. Both species make terpenoid phytoalexins in response to infection, implicating isoprenoid biosynthesis as a factor in resistance. Conserved regions in plant 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), the first enzyme in the terpene biosynthesis pathway, were used to design polymerase chain reaction primers for cloning a fragment of a cotton HMGR gene. The clone was used as a probe on Northern blots to show that induction of HMGR mRNA following introduction of Verticillium dahliae spores into the vascular system is much more rapid in Seabrook Sea Island, a restant G. barbadense cotton, than it is in Rowden, a susceptible G. hirsutum. The amount of HMGR mRNA returned to near control levels in 4 days in the former variety but continued to accumulate in the latter. Specific enzyme activity of HMGR also increased more rapidly in stele extracts of Seabrook Sea Island than in Rowden.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Usefulness of a questionnaire and RAST in screening of health care workers allergic to latex].

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of latex mediated IgE allergy in health care workers varies, according to the various studies, from 0.5% to 16. 7%. The onset of latex allergy involves aspects concerning the worker's health, the need for job transfer and possible retraining. In any case, the use of latex gloves in health care environments cannot be discarded, since they offer more efficacious protection from biological agents, compared to gloves of different materials. OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to verify the prevalence of latex allergy in a sample of 515 health care workers and evaluate the usefulness of RAST and a questionnaire especially organized to identify potentially allergic subjects, at the same time limiting the number of false positive and false negative results. METHODS: 515 health care workers of the ASUR Zone7-Ancona local health unit accepted to answer to a questionnaire and to undergo a RAST testfor latex. Those with positive responses to the questionnaire or to RAST were later invited to undergo further allergological tests (prick and prick by prick). The questionnaire was revised according to the results obtained, thus increasing its positive predictiveness. RESULTS: Prevalence of latex allergy in our sample was 1, 7%, positive predictiveness of RAST was rather low (31.3%), but increased considerably if combined with the modified questionnaire (62.5%). The Prick by Prick test gave more specific results than the Prick test. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed questionnaire can reduce the number of false positive workers needing to undergo further allergological tests and may be usefully applied in the screening of latex mediated IgE allergy in health care workers.

Adult↗