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Biomedical subjects

G Bigelow

Publications and source records attributed to G Bigelow.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Grief and AIDS: surviving catastrophic multiple loss.

This article explores the issues of grief brought about by the AIDS epidemic. As people affected by the epidemic experience multiple deaths in both their personal and professional lives, the parallel epidemic of grief is reaching crisis proportions. Traditional grief responses are compared with multiple loss grief and appropriate clinical interventions are explored. The phenomena of trauma, survivor guilt, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and other historic examples of multiple loss (holocausts) are examined. The existential questions of how to hold hope as we live in an "abyss of trauma, death and grief" concludes this article.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Phenylpropanolamine: effects on subjective and cardiovascular variables at recommended over-the-counter dose levels.

Two controlled clinical studies evaluated the effects of phenylpropanolamine HCL (PPA) on measures of blood pressure, pulse, and subjective state (mood). One hundred fifty subjects participated in a parallel groups design that compared a 75-mg sustained release (SR) preparation with a 25-mg tid. dosing regimen and placebo. Fifty-nine of these subjects participated in an additional cross-over component that compared SR PPA 75 mg with placebo. Measures of blood pressure, pulse, and subjective drug effect were obtained nine times throughout the course of a 12-hour session. Data analysis revealed no clinically and few statistically significant effects due to drug treatment. As expected, most measures showed circadian changes on both the cardiovascular and mood variables, which were not related to drug treatment. No euphorogenic or "amphetamine-like" effects were noted. Although further work is warranted regarding the effects of chronic or higher-than-normal doses of PPA, the current studies suggest that PPA, at currently recommended dose levels, is not associated with adverse effects on either cardiovascular or subjective functioning.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Narcotics addiction treatment: behavioral methods concurrent with methadone maintenance.

Methadone maintenance patients were assigned among four treatment cells involving contingency management, emotionally-based behavior therapy, a combination of these, or a control condition receiving counseling but no behavioral treatment. With 60 patients who remained in treatment at least 6 months, treatment outcomes were compared using objective measures: hours employed, urinalysis results, and counseling participation. No significant differences were found between modalities. Case studies suggested that under appropriate conditions, contingency management might reduce illicit drug use. It is suggested that focused experimental studies may be more productive than broad clinical outcome evaluations.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Contingency management in a methadone maintenance program: availability of reinforcers.

A survey was conducted to identify clinic privileges that might serve as reinforcers for a group of methadone maintenance clients. Fifty-three clients ranked nine clinic privileges according to their desirability. The opportunity to take medication home from the clinic on 4 days of the week was ranked as most desirable, on the average, followed by receiving cash payments ($30 and $10) and the opportunity for limited dosage self-control. Medication take-home privileges appear to be the most potent potential reinforcer available in the context of a methadone clinic.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Drug-produced changes in human social behavior: facilitation by d-amphetamine.

The effects of oral d-amphetamine 5-30 mg on human social and verbal behavior were studied using repeated observations within subjects under a time-sampling observation procedure in a residential research ward. d-Amphetamine increased socializing in all three subjects studied, but only increased standing in one of the subjects. In the second experiment throat microphones and voice-operated relays were used to measure automatically quantitative aspects of dyadic verbal interactions during 1-hr daily sessions. Total speaking time showed dose-related increases in 5 of the 7 subjects receiving d-amphetamine. Adjective checklist self-report scores indicating stimulant drug effects were as sensitive and reliable as the speaking measure to the effects of d-amphetamine in these subjects. Speaking time also increased in 2 of the 8 partners who received placebo when the subjects with whom they were paired received d-amphetamine. This represents a socially mediated indirect drug effect. Adjective checklist scores of the partners receiving placebo were not changed when the paired subjects received d-amphetamine. Under controlled experimental conditions the naturalistic human behaviors of socializing and speaking are sensitive dependent variables for behavioral pharmacology research.

Adult↗