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Biomedical subjects

G Bogdan

Publications and source records attributed to G Bogdan.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Ingestion of low-concentration hydrofluoric acid: an insidious and potentially fatal poisoning.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to provide the first description of the effects of ingestion of low-concentration hydrofluoric acid in a population reported to a regional poison control center. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of data collected by trained personnel using a standardized data collection system was performed. All charts involving hydrofluoric acid exposures for a 2-year period from a certified regional poison control center were identified by a computerized search. Each chart was abstracted by trained and blinded personnel. RESULTS: There were 1,772 exposures to hydrofluoric acid; 135 involved ingestion. There were 99 cases of human hydrofluoric acid ingestion for analysis. All ingestions involved consumer products containing 6% to 8% hydrofluoric acid. Symptoms, most commonly mild gastrointestinal effects, were reported by 49 patients. Two patients with minimal effects during an observation period of 2 to 4 hours deteriorated suddenly and died. All other patients recovered completely. Of 29 cases in which calcium concentrations were recorded, 4 cases of hypocalcemia occurred. All patients who had major effects or died were adults who had ingested more than 3 ounces of hydrofluoric acid with suicidal intent. Death occurred precipitously in patients who had appeared well a few minutes earlier. CONCLUSION: Death occurred in 2 patients, both of whom were adults who had ingested more than 3 ounces with suicidal intent. Ingestion of a household product containing hydrofluoric acid is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires close monitoring and prompt therapy. The abrupt deterioration and lack of warning signs indicate the need for better diagnostic methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

An examination of serial urinalyses in patients with North American crotalid envenomation.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the incidence of abnormal urinalyses after rattlesnake envenomations and its association with bite severity and antivenom administration. METHODS: A retrospective review of data collected in a prospective manner for an experimental crotalid antivenom trial. Subjects were individuals with minimal to moderate North American crotalid envenomations. Incidence and characterization of abnormal urinalysis after crotalid envenomation is presented. Additionally, the relationship of abnormal urinalysis to bite severity is examined. A preliminary test of antivenom protein urinalysis interference was also conducted. RESULTS: Forty-three percent of the urinalyses reported prior to antivenom treatment had abnormalities. Thirty-three of 41 subjects (80%) had an abnormal urinalysis, defined as the presence of cells, blood, glucose, or protein, at some time during the 2-week period following envenomation. All but 3 of these subjects had urinalyses which returned to normal by 2 weeks postenvenomation. Fifteen of 22 subjects (68%) with minimal envenomations had an abnormal urinalysis at some time following envenomation, while 18 of 19 subjects (95%) with moderate envenomations had abnormal urinalyses (p < 0.05). In addition, high concentrations of antivenom added to urine were found to produce a positive urine dipstick test for protein. CONCLUSION: In our study of patients with minimal to moderate North American crotalid envenomations, there was a high incidence of abnormal urinalyses. The urine abnormalities tended to be more common with increased bite severity and more frequent during the first few hours following envenomation. Antivenom appearance in the urine could be responsible for some of our findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Association of rattlesnake bite location with severity of clinical manifestations.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine an association between bite location in cases of North American crotalid envenomation and the severity of clinical manifestations. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of prospectively collected data for an experimental trial of crotalid antivenom. Our subjects were otherwise healthy individuals with minimal to moderate North American crotalid envenomation. We compared the severity of envenomation for patients with digit bites distal to the proximal interphalangeal joint and bites more proximal using a previously developed and validated snakebite severity score. RESULTS: Thirteen subjects were classified as having distal bites and 24 as having proximal bites. At baseline (before antivenom administration), the distal group had a mean severity score of 2.9 +/- 1.1, whereas the proximal group had a mean severity score of 5.0 +/- 2.2 (P = .0024). Patients in the proximal group tended to demonstrate a more rapid initial decline in severity score after receiving antivenom than did the distal group. CONCLUSION: In minimal to moderate North America crotalid envenomation, patients who sustained bites on distal aspects the digits tended to experience less severe clinical manifestations of envenomation. It is possible that an isolated bite to the distal aspect of a finger is an early marker of minimal envenomation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Variation in female breast cancer risk by occupation.

Data from a population-based case control study were used to estimate occupation-specific relative risks for female breast cancer, adjusted for established breast cancer risk factors. Breast cancer cases under age 75 were identified from tumor registries in four states. Controls were randomly selected from driver's license and Medicare beneficiary lists. Information on usual occupation and risk factors was obtained by telephone interview. Odds ratios from logistic regression adjusted for age, state, body mass index, benign breast disease, family history of breast cancer, menopausal status, age at menarche, parity, age of first birth, lactation history, education, and alcohol consumption were calculated for each of 26 occupational groups. Complete occupational information was obtained for 6,835 cases and 9,453 controls. Of 26 occupational groups, only "administrative support occupations" had a statistically significantly increased risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.24). In these data, no specific occupational group had an unusual risk of breast cancer. Increased risks reported elsewhere for nurses and teachers were not corroborated.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1996

Occupational exposure to 60-hertz magnetic fields and risk of breast cancer in women.

We used data from a large population-based case-control study to test the hypothesis that women whose "usual occupation" entailed exposure to higher than background 60-Hz magnetic fields had a higher risk of breast cancer than women without such exposure. Breast cancer cases were identified from four statewide tumor registries, and controls were randomly selected from lists of licensed drivers and Medicare beneficiaries. Information on usual occupation and breast cancer risk factors was obtained by telephone interview. We calculated adjusted odds ratios from logistic regression models for women holding occupations with potential for low, medium, or high magnetic field exposure, compared with background exposure. There was a modest increase in risk for women with potential for high exposure [odds ratio (OR) = 1.43; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.99-2.09], and no increase for women with potential for medium (OR = 1.09; 95% CI = 0.83-1.42) or low (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.91-1.15) exposure The risk among premenopausal women in the highest-exposure category was higher (OR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.04-3.78) than for postmenopausal women (OR = 1.33; 95% CI = 0.82-2.17).

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

Cigarette smoking and breast cancer.

A priori hypotheses suggest that cigarette smoking could either increase or decrease breast cancer incidence. To clarify these competing hypotheses, we used data from a very large population-based breast cancer case-control study to investigate the impact of smoking on breast cancer risk. Breast cancer patients less than 75 years old were identified from statewide tumor registries in Wisconsin, Massachusetts, Maine, and New Hampshire; controls were randomly selected from driver's license lists (age less than 65) or lists of Medicare beneficiaries (age 65-74). Information on reproductive history, medical history, and personal habits including cigarette smoking was obtained by telephone interview. A total of 6,888 cases and 9,529 controls were interviewed. There was virtually no relationship between current smoking and breast cancer risk (multivariate odds ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.92-1.09), and former smokers had a barely increased risk (odds ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.19). Similar results were observed among both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. There was no suggestion that heavy or long-term smoking increased or decreased risk, nor were there indications that women who began smoking at an early age were at increased risk, as has been hypothesized. The results of this large population-based study indicate that smoking does not influence the risk of breast cancer, even among heavy smokers who began smoking at an early age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Long-term hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.

Despite extensive study, concerns remain about a possible association between long-term postmenopausal hormone treatment--particularly use of combination preparations--and risk of breast cancer. The authors evaluated the use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy in relation to breast cancer risk in a large multicenter, population-based case-control study. Women with a new diagnosis of breast cancer were identified through statewide tumor registries in Wisconsin, Massachusetts, Maine, and New Hampshire. Controls were randomly selected from population lists in each state. For this analysis of postmenopausal women, data were available from 3,130 breast cancer cases and 3,698 controls interviewed between 1989 and 1991. Replacement hormone use was not associated with breast cancer risk in women who had ever undergone this treatment (relative risk (RR) = 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-1.18). Among women who had used replacement hormones for 15 years or more, there was no clear increase in risk, although the small sample size did not preclude the possibility of a modest association (RR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.87-1.43). Risk among women using progestins in combination with estrogens was similar to that in women using estrogens alone. Risk did not vary according to type of menopause, family history of breast cancer, history of benign breast disease, or alcohol intake. These results are consistent with the majority of reports which find no overall increased risk associated with the use of replacement hormones. However, in contrast to several other studies, this study did not find long-term use to be associated with increased risk. These results also do not support a hypothesized effect of combined progestin and estrogen use on the risk of breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

The reliability of self-reported alcohol consumption in the remote past.

We examined the reliability of self-reported alcohol consumption in past age periods of women's lives. As part of a case-control study of breast cancer conducted in Massachusetts and Wisconsin in 1988-1991, the same questionnaire was administered for a second time to 211 controls (mean age = 54 years) after an interval of 6-12 months. The Spearman correlation coefficients between the average number of grams of alcohol consumed daily reported in the two interviews, by age period of consumption, were: 16-19 years, r = 0.81; 20-29 years, r = 0.84; 30-39 years, r = 0.75; and for recent consumption, r = 0.77. Self-reported alcohol consumption throughout adult life was reported with precision sufficient to make the ranking of subjects' intake consistent between interviews.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Avian botulism during late autumn and early spring in Saskatchewan.

Two outbreaks of botulism in central Saskatchewan in which mortality of waterfowl continued into late autumn and then recurred in the same marshes the following spring are described. Small numbers of birds were involved in each instance. Dabbling ducks (predominantly mallards, Anas platyrhynchos and pintails, Anas acuta) and American coots, Fulica americana were affected most commonly in autumn, whereas only diving ducks (predominantly lesser scaup, Aythya affinis) were found to be involved in spring. Live maggots present in carcasses despite sub-freezing temperatures were the probable source of intoxication in the autumn; the source of toxin in the spring was not determined.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using hospital discharge data for disease surveillance.

The authors examine the effectiveness of using hospital discharge data in assessing trends and geographic variations in the occurrence of selected chronic diseases. The Chronic Disease Surveillance System, in place from 1987 to 1991, used hospital discharge data, and Cancer Registry data to tract selected chronic diseases. The authors reviewed data on three diseases: breast cancer, cervical cancer, and lung cancer. A computerized algorithm was used to link multiple records representing a single disease occurrence. To estimate disease occurrence rates from hospital discharge data, repeat admissions for the same disease in any given calendar year were discounted. All rates were directly age-adjusted to the 1985 Maine state population. For all three diseases, the rates obtained from hospital discharge data were higher than Cancer Registry rates. Possible causes for the discrepancies and suggestions for improving the utility of hospital discharge data for chronic disease surveillance are discussed.

Algorithms↗