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Biomedical subjects

G Boman

Publications and source records attributed to G Boman.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in the sleep apnea syndrome. Predictors of results.

A prospective study of 34 consecutive patients with the sleep apnea syndrome was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness and complications of, and predictors of, results in a conservative type of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP). At six months, 65% of the patients had a 50% or greater reduction in the number of apneas and hypopneas per hour (responders). The responders to UPPP were less severely affected preoperatively regarding apneas and hypopneas, the mean number of which (+/- SD) were 32.7 +/- 20.8 compared with 64.6 +/- 26.0. They also had a lower body mass index before UPPP (31.3 +/- 4.1 vs 36.0 +/- 7.0 kg/m2). Preoperative computed tomography and cephalometry indicated that the nonresponders had narrower upper airways. It is concluded that UPPP is the treatment of choice for mild to moderate sleep apnea syndrome, but not for severely affected, heavily overweight patients with an increased tongue width.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome among Swedish men--an epidemiological study.

The prevalence of the sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) among Swedish men 30-69 years old was estimated by a two-stage procedure. In the first stage, 4064 questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of a defined population in the municipality of Uppsala. The response rate was almost 80%; 15.6% of the responders were habitual snorers and 5.8% complained of daytime sleepiness. From these, a group of 166 men highly suspected of having SAS was selected. Eventually, 61 of these came for all-night polysomnographic studies, and 15 of these were found to have SAS. On this basis the lower limit of the prevalence of SAS was estimated to be as high as 1.3%. The majority of subjects with the syndrome were in the age group 50-59 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Post-mortem concentrations of salbutamol, terbutaline and theophylline in asthma patients.

The concentrations of theophylline, terbutaline and salbutamol in post-mortem blood samples from 68 patients (17-85 years old) with asthma or chronic obstructive lung disease, 54 of whom had died of asthma, were analysed. Information on recent prescriptions was obtained for 61 patients. There was agreement between prescription and drug analysis in the blood in 87% of the patients with regard to theophylline and in 92% for salbutamol and terbutaline combined. Theophylline levels were generally low; 30 patients had concentrations below 25 mumol/l and only three above 110 mumol/l (therapeutic interval 55-110 mumol/l). Both salbutamol and terbutaline were detected in most samples. Fourteen patients had blood concentrations above 200 nmol/l. No definite explanation for these high values could be found. The majority of patients who died from asthma had low drug levels and had not been prescribed corticosteroids.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

A rating scale for emotional distress in patients with malignant diseases.

As a contribution to assessment of quality of survival in malignant disease a rating scale for emotional distress (EDS) has been developed. The scale consists of eight items with explicit definitions, and the ratings are based on short interviews. The scale was applied on 34 patients with malignant blood diseases, and ratings were performed at regular intervals both prior to and during cytostatic treatment courses. The patients accepted the interview procedure well and the scale proved to be easy to apply in a clinical setting. Raters with little previous experience (nurses and physicians) had good interrater reliability (r = 0.98). The EDS scores of patients in good somatic condition increased significantly (P less than 0.01) during cytostatic treatment courses while no change was found among the more severely ill. There was a tendency for pure cytostatic schedules to inflict more discomfort than those also containing high doses of steroids, indicating that the scale may discriminate between various treatments. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.73, P less than 0.01) between the EDS scores and the physical condition of the patients. The results indicate that the EDS may be a reliable and sensitive instrument which adds an important aspect to the evaluation of the quality of survival in the treatment of malignant disease. It may also be of value when comparing different treatment regimens.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Oral acetylcysteine reduces exacerbation rate in chronic bronchitis: report of a trial organized by the Swedish Society for Pulmonary Diseases.

This multicentre trial was undertaken to confirm previous results indicating that long-term treatment with oral acetylcysteine reduces the exacerbation rate in patients with chronic bronchitis. Two hundred and eighty-five patients, smokers or ex-smokers, with chronic bronchitis started a pre-trial placebo-period of 1 month. After this run-in period 259 patients were included in the trial and randomized into two parallel groups. The patients were treated in a double-blind way either with acetylcysteine 200 mg b.i.d. or placebo b.i.d. for 6 months. The trial was completed by 98 patients in the acetylcysteine group and by 105 patients in the placebo group. Initially, there were no significant differences between the groups. Twice weekly, the patients filled in a diary card concerning symptoms. The number of exacerbations was assessed from these cards and at visits 2, 4 and 6 months after institution of therapy. The exacerbation rate was significantly lower in the acetylcysteine group in which 40% of the patients remained free from exacerbations compared to 19% in the placebo group. Sick-leave due to acute exacerbation was significantly less common in the acetylcysteine group. The drug was well tolerated.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1982

A descriptive study of pressure sores: the prevalence of pressure sores and the characteristics of patients.

A descriptive study was carried out within a public health services area in Sweden in order to determine the incidence of pressure sores in acute and long-term care. Methods of prevention, treatment and the characteristics of patients were also noted. The criteria for the assessment of pressure sores were: skin discolouration, epithelial damage and damage to the full thickness of the skin. The data were collected by means of interviews during 1 week in February, 1980. It was found that within the public health services area there was a pressure sore frequency of 4%; i.e. 71 patients of a total of 1776 had pressure sores. Some of these patients had more than one pressure sore; the total number of sores was 109. The methods of prevention and treatment were numerous. The patients who developed pressure sores were predominantly women over 65 years of age, incontinent, and with poor mobility.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Osteitis and other complications caused by generalized BCG-itis. Experiences in Sweden.

In 1973 an increase in the number of osteitis caused by BCG vaccination in the neonatal period was observed in Sweden. A high incidence of this complication, i.e. 1 case per 3000 vaccinated newborn children continued until this vaccination was interrupted in 1975. In the years 1972 to 1980 a total of 90 cases were reported to the Adverse Drug Reaction Committee. Earlier retrospective studies had disclosed 36 cases born between 1949-1968 and an active search for unreported cases in the 1970s revealed an additional 26 cases. Of the total of 152 known cases in Sweden, 82 were boys and 70 girls. The mean incubation period was 14 months for boys and 23 for girls. Extremely long incubation periods were seen, i.e. 6 years in two children and 12 years in one. Eleven children had multiple osteitis lesions. The epiphyses of the long bones of the extremities were the most frequent sites of the affection (109 lesions). Only in 6 patients the spine, which is the common site of osteitis caused by tuberculosis, was affected. Relapses occurred in two patients.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1982

Malignant mesothelioma in Turkish immigrants residing in Sweden.

Mesothelioma is a rare neoplasm in the general population, but it is strongly associated with previous asbestos exposure. The endemic occurrence of this disease in two villages in central Turkey has raised the question of whether the inhalation of naturally occurring zeolite dust may also be a factor in the development of mesothelioma. During the past few years a large portion of the inhabitants of one of the two villages of concern has immigrated to Sweden. This report presents three cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma and the results of a chest radiographic survey among these immigrants. Mineralogical analysis of lung tissue specimens from two of the cases revealed the presence of both zeolite and asbestos minerals and therefore suggested a synergistic effect involving both types of minerals. The importance of close medical surveillance of this high-risk population is emphasized, as is the possibility that similar cases appear in other countries because of increased migration.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Pulmonary reactions to nitrofurantoin. 447 cases reported to the Swedish Adverse Drug Reaction Committee 1966-1976.

A dramatic increase in the number of adverse reactions to nitrofurantoin initiated a survey of the reports to the Swedish Adverse Drug Reaction Committee 1966-1976. Pulmonary reactions constituted about half of these reports: 398 cases with acute and 49 with chronic reactions. Three-quarters of the patients were hospitalized in connection with the reaction. Six reactions were fatal. The clinical picture and the laboratory findings differed considerably between the acute and chronic forms, although the age and sex distribution was very similar. About 85% of the patients were women. The median age was 59 years in the acute and 68 years in the chronic group. The acute pulmonary reactions carry the characteristics of an allergic reaction but we suggest that the chronic pulmonary and liver reactions may be caused by a toxic mechanism. Chronic reactions do not follow upon acute reactions, nor do acute reactions predispose to chronic ones. Early recognition of the reactions and prompt withdrawal of the drug are essential in both forms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Intravenous use of rifampicin.

Nineteen seriously ill patients with suspected or verified tuberculosis were treated with a new formulation of rifampicin for intravenous use. The normal dosage was 300 mg twice a day. Local reactions at the injection site were noted in four patients but no serious adverse reactions were observed. The serum concentrations were similar to those after the same dose given orally.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease: effects of lowering oestrogen content.

The introduction of low-oestrogen oral contraceptives in Sweden and the concomitant disappearance of high-dose preparations did not result in a lowering of the mortality of fertile women from thromboembolic disease. Morbidity due to thromboembolism seems to have fallen, and the number of thromboembolic incidents reported to the Swedish Adverse Drug Reaction Committee decreased dramatically. The decrease was due exclusively to a reduction in venous thromboembolic disease: the frequency of arterial complications (cerebral and coronary) remained constant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Adverse reactions to nitrofurantoin. Analysis of 921 reports.

Reports on adverse reactions to nitrofurantoin today are common in Sweden and constitute 10 to 12 percent of all incoming reports. We present an analysis of 921 reports of adverse reactions received by the Swedish Adverse Drug Reaction Committee during the period 1966--1976. The two largest groups consist of reports of acute pulmonary reactions (43 percent) and allergic reactions (42 percent). The remaining reports fall into any of four smaller groups, chronic pulmonary reactions, liver damage, blood dyscrasias or neuropathy. Acute pulmonary and acute allergic reactions in all aspects are very similar and carry the characteristics of an acute hypersensitivity reaction. The increasing number of reports--even in relation to sales figures--would be best explained by a continuous sensitization. Chronic pulmonary reactions (interstitial pneumonitis) afflict older patients, often after prolonged treatment with relatively small doses. We suggest that these reactions are elicited by a toxic mechanism. Seventy-one percent of all reactions were severe enough to cause the patient's hospitalization; only 1 percent was fatal. The risk of an adverse reaction varies with sex and age, increases with age and is higher in women than in men. The time has come for a re-evaluation of nitrofurantoin and its role in the treatment of urinary tract infections.

Acute Disease↗