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Biomedical subjects

G Bone

Publications and source records attributed to G Bone.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Clinical findings in 78 suspected cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in Great Britain.

The clinical findings in 59 cows with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) were compared with those in 19 cattle that were submitted as BSE suspects but not confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Both groups were also compared with a control group of 20 healthy cows. Abnormalities in behaviour, temperament, mental status and activity, neurogenic disorders of gait and hyperreactivity to touch were frequently observed in the cattle with BSE. Not every animal with BSE displayed clinical signs in all these categories, and the severity of the signs was not always useful for differentiating them from the BSE suspects that were not confirmed by pathology. The neurological examination was better than passive observations for the clinical diagnosis of BSE. Tests of the animals' responses to sudden auditory, visual and tactile stimuli were very useful for distinguishing cases of BSE from unconfirmed BSE suspects if the cases did not display signs in all the categories.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Stereotactic radiosurgery for hypothalamic hamartomas.

Hypothalamic hamartomas are nonneoplastic lesions often characterized by central precocious puberty and gelastic epilepsy. Due to the delicate location surgery is often unsuccessful and associated with considerable risks. In the presented series, Gamma Knife radiosurgery was applied. Four cases (aged between 5-13 years) who presented with medically intractable gelastic epilepsy and increasing secondary generalization, abnormal behaviour and precocious puberty (3 cases) are reported. Hypothalamic hamartomas sized 11-17 mm had been diagnosed by MR imaging. Radiosurgical treatment was performed in general anaesthesia with margin doses of 12-14 Gy to the 50-90% isodoses covering volumes of 600-2300 mm3. After follow-up periods of 12 to 68 months, a continuing decrease both in seizure frequency and intensity was noted (outcome according to Engel: II a (3 cases) and III a (1 case)). All patients are socially reintegrated. MR imaging did not reveal significant changes concerning the size of the lesions. Gamma Knife radiosurgery can be an effective and safe alternative treatment modality for HH capable of achieving good seizure control and improving behavioural disorders in selected cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Two-year results of once-weekly administration of alendronate 70 mg for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

The aim of this study was to provide confirmation that once-weekly dosing with 70 mg of alendronate (seven times the daily oral dose) and twice-weekly dosing with 35 mg is equivalent to the 10-mg once-daily regimen and to gain more extensive safety experience with this new dosing regimen. Twelve hundred fifty-eight postmenopausal women (aged 42-95 years) with osteoporosis (bone mineral density [BMD] of either lumbar spine or femoral neck at least 2.5 SDs below peak young adult mean or prior vertebral or hip fracture) were assigned to receive oral once-weekly alendronate, 70 mg (n = 519); twice-weekly alendronate, 35 mg (n = 369); or daily alendronate 10 mg (n = 370) for a total of 2 years of double-blind experience. Mean BMD increases from baseline (95% CI) at 24 months in the once-weekly, twice-weekly, and daily treatment groups, respectively, were 6.8% (6.4, 7.3), 7.0% (6.6,7.5), and 7.4% (6.9,7.8) at the lumbar spine and 4.1% (3.8,4.5), 4.3% (3.9,4.7), and 4.3% (3.9,4.7) at the total hip. These increases in BMD as well as the BMD increases at the femoral neck, trochanter, and total body and the reductions of biochemical markers of bone resorption (urinary cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen [NTx]) and bone formation (serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase [BSAP]) were similar for the three dosing regimens. All treatment regimens were well tolerated with a similar incidence of upper gastrointestinal (GI) adverse experiences. The incidence rates of clinical fractures, captured as adverse experiences, were similar among the groups. The 2-year results confirm the conclusion reached after 1 year that once-weekly alendronate is therapeutically equivalent to daily dosing, providing patients with a more convenient dosing option that may potentially enhance adherence to therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of gross and fine motor functions in children with hemidecortication: predictors of outcomes and timing of surgery.

The purpose of this study is three-fold: First, to determine the levels of gross and fine motor functions in children before and after hemidecortication, using standardized measurement tools; second, to investigate if predictors of these outcomes can be characterized; and third, to explore if both clinical measures and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) potentially can identify optimal timing of surgery. The Gross Motor Function Measure and the Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test are shown to be comprehensive, standardized outcome measures of movement performance in affected children. Age at surgery and interval between age at seizure onset and age at surgery could be the most reliable predictors of clinical outcomes. Functional MRI studies are valuable in exploring the potential of the cortical reorganization that sustains residual sensorimotor function. The combination of clinical measures with functional MRI is a promising method of inquiry into developmental and plasticity processes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Acute carotid artery occlusion--operative or conservative management.

64 ischemic stroke patients with angiographically verified occlusion of the internal carotid artery were studied. 32 patients underwent surgical revascularization in the acute stage within a few hours of acute onset of stroke. 32 patients had conservative management of treatment. Both groups were compared in regard to mortality rate, functional recovery and clinical findings or neurological deficits and psychiatric disturbances on admission and 4 weeks later. Correlations of functional recovery between the two groups showed no significant differences. Mortality rate in the conservatively managed group however was significantly lower than in the operative group.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Endoscopic surgery versus medical treatment for spontaneous intracerebral hematoma: a randomized study.

A controlled randomized study of endoscopic evacuation versus medical treatment was performed in 100 patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral (subcortical, putaminal, and thalamic) hematomas. Patients with aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, brain tumors, or head injuries were excluded. Criteria for inclusion were as follows: patients' age between 30 and 80 years; a hematoma volume of more than 10 cu cm; the presence of neurological or consciousness impairment; the appropriateness of surgery from a medical and anesthesiological point of view; and the initiation of treatment within 48 hours after hemorrhage. The criteria of randomization were the location, size, and side of the hematoma as well as the patient's age, state of consciousness, and history of hypertension. Evaluation of outcome was performed 6 months after hemorrhage. Surgical patients with subcortical hematomas showed a significantly lower mortality rate (30%) than their medically treated counterparts (70%, p less than 0.05). Moreover, 40% of these patients had a good outcome with no or only a minimal deficit versus 25% in the medically treated group; the difference was statistically significant for operated patients with no postoperative deficit (p less than 0.01). Surgical patients with hematomas smaller than 50 cu cm made a significantly better functional recovery than did patients of the medically treated group, but had a comparable mortality rate. By contrast, patients with larger hematomas showed significantly lower mortality rates after operation but had no better functional recovery than the medically treated group. This effect from surgery was limited to patients in a preoperatively alert or somnolent state; stuporous or comatose patients had no better outcome after surgery. The outcome of surgical patients with putaminal or thalamic hemorrhage was no better than for those with medical treatment; however, there was a trend toward better quality of survival and chance of survival in the operated group.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of alcoholic organic brain syndrome with the serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluvoxamine: a preliminary study.

The chronic effects of fluvoxamine (200 mg per day for 4 weeks) were studied in ten alcoholic organic brain syndrome patients in a double-blind cross-over design. Complete neuropsychological evaluation was performed as well as measurement of neurochemical changes in CSF. Fluvoxamine produced a small but significant improvement in memory performance. An analysis of fluvoxamine minus placebo difference scores showed a significant correlation between memory functioning and CSF 5HIAA levels. Alcohol amnestic syndrome patients who had the highest blood levels of fluvoxamine demonstrated the largest changes in CSF 5HIAA and improvement in memory performance under fluvoxamine. These findings implicate a role of serotonergic mechanisms in alcoholic organic brain syndrome and suggest that with individual titration of the drug dose, fluvoxamine might be a clinically useful agent in the treatment of this syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

alpha-Difluoromethylornithine induces protective immunity in mice inoculated with Plasmodium berghei sporozoites.

Mice inoculated weekly with Plasmodium berghei sporozoites while under treatment with alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, developed protective immunity against subsequent challenge with this parasite. The percentage of mice protected was similar whether DFMO alone (55%) or DFMO + chloroquine (65%) was used. With chloroquine alone, only 12% of mice were protected. This protection was long-lasting (at least six months). The immunity protected against sporozoites but not against erythrocytic form inoculation. It is suggested that this protection is induced by antigens released from exoerythrocytic schizonts whose further development is inhibited by DFMO.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of radiometric and gas capture system for blood cultures.

A single bottle blood culture system that detects the gas produced by micro-organisms from substrates in a specially formulated medium was compared with the Bactec radiometric system. A total of 725 blood samples collected from patients with suspected bacteraemia yielded 75 clinically important isolates. Fifty five (73%) of these cultures were detected by both methods, 16 (21%) by only the Bactec system, and four (5%) by only the Oxoid system. No significant differences were found between the two systems after allowance was made for the different volume of sample inoculated into each system.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1985

[Reduction of the rate of cerebral angiography complications by a standardized study method].

The complications from cerebral angiography encountered in 1034 patients between 1977 and 1982 are described. A standardised technique of cerebral transfemoral catheter angiography is outlined, which helps to reduce the number of complications. The role of the disease for which the examination is done, and the effect of the new contrast media on the risk of the examination, are discussed. Patients with a compromised blood-brain barrier and manifest reduction in cerebral blood flow run a greater risk than patients with other abnormalities. Low osmolar contrast media are better tolerated subjectively. Theoretically, their use would be expected to lead to a reduction in complications but, so far, it has not been possible to confirm this.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Intracranial arteritis with circulating immune complexes].

Thirty-eight patients below the age of 50 years were investigated and in twelve, circulating immune complexes were found. Eight of these had angiographic evidence of an arteritis of the intracranial vessels. The causative factors, the role of the circulating immune complexes and the angiographic appearances in intracranial arteritis are discussed.

Adolescent↗