PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Bradshaw

Publications and source records attributed to G Bradshaw.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Child care responsibilities and participation in continuing education and training: issues relating to motivation, funding and domestic roles.

Changes in the organization and funding of health services and in the education and training of NHS staff have placed increased influence in the hands of employers and individual students as users of continuing professional development. Against this policy context an interview study was carried out with students participating in a range of continuing professional development activities. The sample included 89 participants attending a range of courses. Approximately half of the sample had children. Many of the participants were attending courses in their own rather than in their employers' time and several were self-funding. The influence of domestic responsibilities on motivations, along with the impact of course participation on home and family life, were examined. Results revealed that those with children were less likely to perceive continuing education in a positive light compared to those without. The impact of course participation on home and family life was invariably negative and for some the consequences were serious. The policy implications of findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The equity debate within the British National Health Service.

This paper begins by identifying the principles of equity and fairness on which the British National Health Service (NHS) was founded in 1948. It then goes on to summarize the viewpoints of those who more recently have argued that equity is an out-moded, utopian and unachievable concept that should not be applied to the delivery of health care services. A brief review is conducted of the definitions of equity and inequity as these apply to health care. Brief attention is paid to the relationship between equitable distribution of health care and social class. The new contemporary significance of equity for all NHS managers is exposed through a debate concerning the impact of the recently introduced policies for the implementation of a quasi-market in health services in Britain. The inseparable relationship between equity and the rationing of resources is identified as central to the just distribution of health care. The paper presents evidence that the quasimarket solutions to improved economic efficiency and cost-containment are often in direct conflict with the equity doctrine on which the NHS was created. A brief conclusion how equity principles might be restored to health policy is proffered.

Health Care Rationing↗
PubMed1995

Audit in the British National Health Service.

This paper is about audit as it exists inside the broader framework of quality control within the National Health Service. It will define medical audit briefly and examine its antecedents in exploring why it was introduced. The paper will proceed to analyse the underlying economic and political reasons for the Government's strategy for audit, and assesses its contribution to the debate about quality in health care. The paper concludes by considering the future direction of audit arising out of the recent emphasis placed on multi-professional clinical audit.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Generation of random internal deletion derivatives of YACs by homologous targeting to Alu sequences.

To facilitate the manipulation of human genomic DNA in yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones, a plasmid to integrate the selective marker for antibiotic G418 resistance into YACs and to delete some of the human DNA fragments from YACs was constructed. The linearized integration/deletion plasmid, which contains Alu family sequences at both ends, can recombine with YACs containing human repetitive sequences via homologous recombination. The homologous recombination results in a random integration of the antibiotic G418-resistant gene into a human genomic Alu sequence, and in most cases, an internal deletion within the YAC. The YACs with internal deletions can be useful to identify the location of the genes if they produce functional knockouts. In those cases when the integration/deletion event disrupts the integrity of the gene so it no longer can produce a viable and functional mRNA in fused eukaryotic cells, the site of integration in the YAC thus serves as a marker for the inactivated gene. In this report we describe a model system to locate specific genes in YACs.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Competition and efficiency in health care--the case of the British National Health Service.

This paper examines the factors leading to the introduction of a competitive market in the British National Health Service (NHS). It can be seen that this most radical overhaul in the 45 years of the service was precipitated by economic but also ideological factors. Competition was seen as a means to producing the efficiency that would lead to better health care. The competitive market was introduced without public debate or reference to similar experiences in health care provision in the USA. Little consideration was given to the strengths and weaknesses of such a system. The purchaser-provider model chosen has been expensive to introduce. It has failed to stimulate competition amongst providers and the formal economic evaluation of its performance has so far been minimal. At first sight the separation of purchaser-provider functions has done little to disturb the traditional bureaucratic features of the NHS. The scope exists, however, to open up competition to a much greater extent. Depending on political feasibility, competition would be the necessary mechanism to prepare the NHS for sale into private ownership.

Economic Competition↗
PubMed1984

Dysfunctional attitudes: measurement, significant constructs and links with depression.

Equivalent forms of Weissman's Dysfunctional Attitude Scale were assessed in 251 Australian patients routinely attending their general practitioner. Normative scores were strikingly similar to those reported in North America. The influences of demographic variables on scale scores were examined, and factor analyses suggested four key attributional constructs. In a second study of 43 clinically depressed patients we assessed the degree to which higher Dysfunctional Attitude scores might be an antecedent to, or a consequence of, greater depressive severity and found support favouring the latter explanation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Depression in general practice attenders.

The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale was used to study depressive symptoms in 251 people routinely attending their general practitioners. Lower social class and female sex were weak predictors of higher Zung scores. Sociodemographic influences on responses to particular Zung scale items are reported. Using a cut-off score of 40, 53 subjects (21%) were found to be significantly depressed (24% of females and 15% of males) with the point prevalence data for males and females being strikingly similar to data obtained in another Sydney general practice study using a differing methodology. Zung scale scores of our subjects were compared with those of 43 neurotic depressive patients assessed at initial psychiatric referral. While the total Zung scores of the two groups were very similar, depressives in the general practice sample scored as having a less marked mood disturbance, were less irritable, were less likely to cry and less likely to report weight loss. We suggest that either these symptoms may be less severe in general practice 'cases' than in 'cases' of depression referred to a psychiatrist, or that differences reflect demographic differences of the samples.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1970

Arsine poisoning.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acute Kidney Injury↗