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Biomedical subjects

G Brody

Publications and source records attributed to G Brody.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Child resiliency in inner-city families affected by HIV: the role of family variables.

This study examined the role of family variables in child resiliency within a sample of African-American, inner-city children whose mothers are HIV-infected. Variables from three dimensions of the family were included: family structural variables, maternal variables, and mother-child (parenting) variables. The participants were 82 children between the ages of 6 and 11 and their HIV-infected mothers. Correlational analyses indicated that resiliency was associated only with three parenting variables: parent-child relationship, parental monitoring, and parental structure in the home. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated a multiplicative relationship between parental monitoring and parent-child relationship and between parental monitoring and parental structure in the home, suggesting that parenting variables potentiate each other. Clinical implications of the findings are considered.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Women who are HIV infected: the role of religious activity in psychosocial adjustment.

The role of religious activity in the psychosocial adjustment of 205 inner-city African-American women, one-half of whom are HIV infected, was examined. Those who were HIV infected reported praying more but viewed prayer as less effective in coping with a chronic illness. Frequency of prayer predicted optimism about the future, whereas religious activity was not related to current depressive symptoms.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

Bilateral posterior shoulder dislocations.

Bilateral posterior shoulder dislocation is an uncommon complication of seizure activity. It may initially present in a manner that suggests other clinical entities. A case is reported of a man with blood pressure differences in his upper extremities after his first seizure who was found to have bilateral posterior dislocations of the shoulders.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1995

Predicting alcohol and drug use in early adulthood: the role of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in early adolescence.

Unique and interactive internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in adolescence were examined in relationship to drug and alcohol use in young adulthood. Results indicated that higher externalizing scores in adolescence predicted more alcohol use in young adulthood for both males and females and also predicted more marijuana and hard drug use for males. Lower internalizing scores were found to predict more marijuana and hard drug use in young adulthood for boys, but not for girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Excuses, excuses: accounting for the effects of partner violence on marital satisfaction and stability.

For both theoretical and practical reasons, it is important to understand processes that lead to marital dissatisfaction and dissolution among women who are targets of relationship violence. Because attributional tendencies may often forecast marital behavior and because alcohol use is often seen as providing an excuse for deviant behavior, we examine two potential moderators of the associations between husband violence and wife marital outcomes: wife attributional style and husband problem drinking tendencies. A community sample of married couples (N = 66) completed a comprehensive battery of marital assessments. Results suggested that responsibility attributions moderated the association between husband violence and wives' marital dissatisfaction but exerted a direct effect on wives' disposition toward divorce. Husband problem drinking moderated the impact of husband violence only on wives' disposition toward divorce. As would be expected from an "excuse" model of the associations between violence and marital outcomes, violence had less of an impact on marital satisfaction and divorce ideation when wives attributed responsibility for negative spouse behavior as external to their husbands and when husbands were problem drinkers, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Role of maternal functioning and parenting skills in adolescent functioning following parental divorce.

While divorce has been associated with impaired child functioning, the mechanisms within the divorce process leading to such an outcome have rarely been examined. The following hypothesis was examined: Divorce is associated with poor parental adjustment or disrupts parenting behavior, or both, which leads to poor adolescent functioning. Subjects were 121 and 93 young adolescents from intact and recently divorced families, respectively, and their mothers and teachers. Mothers completed measures assessing parental conflict and depression, observers coded parenting skills during a mother-adolescent interaction, and teachers completed measures assessing adolescent functioning. Although the magnitude of differences was not large, analyses of variance indicated that the divorced sample was functioning poorer than the married sample on all measures except interparental conflict. Path analysis suggested that parental functioning and parenting skills play a role in adolescent functioning following divorce.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Interparental conflict and adolescent problem behavior: an examination of mechanisms.

The purpose of the present study was to examine several competing hypotheses which have been utilized to explain the negative relationship between interparental conflict and child/adolescent problems. These mechanisms of operation have included modelling, genetic transmission, disrupted parenting, the role of perceptual/appraisal processes of the conflict, and an inhibition hypothesis. One hundred and forty-two young adolescents and their mothers served as subjects. Eighty were from intact families and 62 from recently divorced families. Data were collected from the perspective of the adolescent, mother, behavioral observer, and social studies teacher. The results indicated that intact and divorced samples had to be considered separately as different pathways contributed to adolescent behavior problems in the two samples. For externalizing problems, a direct path between interparental conflict and problem behavior existed for the divorced sample whereas an indirect path through the adolescent's perceptions of the conflict existed for the intact sample. The different context in which the interparental conflict occurred for the two samples was offered as an explanation of this difference. For internalizing problems a significant direct path existed between conflict and problem behavior for both samples; however, the indirect paths through the adolescent's perceptions and through poor parenting skills contributed only for the divorced sample. The results suggest that various mechanisms appear to operate in influencing how interparental conflict influences behavior problems of young adolescents. Both the type of problem examined and the marital status of the parents appear important in determining the relative impact of the mechanisms. Implications for the behavior therapist are noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of soft gelatin capsule vs. sustained release formulation of papaverine HCl: vasodilation and plasma levels.

The vasodilatory action, plasma papaverine levels achieved, and the incidence of side effects after oral administration of papaverine hydrochloride as a soft gelatin capsule, were compared to those of a sustained release formulation. The incidence of side effects observed after 150 mg, two or three times per day, of the soft gelatin capsule was similar to that observed after 150 mg, twice per day, of the sustained release form in 15 patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans. A relatively higher plasma papaverine concentration was achieved, 120 minutes after 150 mg administration of the soft gelatin form, compared to an equivalent dose of the sustained release form. The degree of vasodilation obtained after four doses (150 mg X 4) of soft gelatin within 24 hrs., was significantly superior than that induced after four doses (150 mg X 4) of the sustained release form in 6 patients with a severe degree of arteriosclerosis obliterans.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Papaverine hydrochloride: the evaluation of two new dosage forms.

The bioavailability of papaverine, administered as sustained release capsules, an elixir, and soft gelatin capsules, was studied with volunteers. Blood samples were assayed for papaverine, using a gas chromatographic method, following the administration of single 150 mg doses of papaverine HC1. The elixir and the soft gelatin capsule resulted in nearly identical papaverine blood levels, while peak levels, area under the blood level-time curve, and plasma levels 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 hours after dosing with the sustained release capsule were significantly (p less than 0.01) lower.

Administration, Oral↗