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Biomedical subjects

G Brunner

Publications and source records attributed to G Brunner.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[The diagnostic value of determining serum-mercaptans in liver disease (author's transl)].

Aliphatic mercaptans (aethanthiol, methanthiol, dimethylsulphide) can be measured in serum with a simple and rapid gaschromatographic method. The test takes 30 minutes. Aethantiol was found to be increased ten-fold (P less than 0.0001) in patients with acute hepatic failure (endogenous coma), while in exogenous hepatic coma it was always normal or decreased. Mild increase in aethanthiol concentration (two or threefold) was also found in chronic aggressive hepatitis, cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice. Methanthiol concentration was elevated in patients with endogenous and exogenous hepatic coma. Values for methanthiol are, however, of only limited use, because methionine is converted in small amounts to methanthiol during the test procedures. Dimethylsulphide is found in only very severe cases of endogenous or exogenous hepatic coma and can be considered to be a prognostically unfavourable sign. Determination of mercaptans makes it possible to differentiate exactly between endogenous and exogenous hepatic coma. Its value also lies in the recognition of the severity of endogenous intoxication and it is suitable for serial and control determination of the effectiveness of therapeutic measures.

Cholestasis↗
PubMed1978

Subcellular localization of gamma-glutamyltransferase in calf thymocytes.

The subcellular localization of gamma-glutamyltransferase in calf thymocytes was investigated and compared with that of alkaline phosphodiesterase I, alkaline nitrophenyl phosphatase, succinate-tetrazolium oxidoreductase (succinate-INT reductase) and lactate dehydrogenase after two different methods of cell disruption and differential centrifugation. Most of the activity was recovered in the crude membrane fractions (43.0%), but significant amounts co-pelleted with the large-granule (mitochondria) fractions (31%). The specific activity of the gamma-glutamyltransferase in the purified plasma membrane was 30-50 times that of the enzyme in the cell homogenate and had a similar subcellular distribution to the plasma-membrane markers, alkaline phosphodiesterase I and alkaline nitrophenyl phosphatase. It was concluded that gamma-glutamyltransferase was primary a plasma-membrane-bound enzyme, and that its location in other subcellular fractions was probably due to their contamination with plasma-membrane vesicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Large agarose beads for extracorporeal detoxification systems.

A method is reported by which agarose beads of diameter 1000 to 10000 microns can be prepared from Sepharose (R) 4B (native bead diameter 40 to 190 microns). Haemoperfusion experiments indicate that the enlarged beads are relatively haemocompatible; platelet loss is considerably less than that reported for many other bio-materials employed in haemoperfusion, and haemolysis is slight even after perfusion for several hours at flow-rates in excess of 25 ml/min. The beads can be activated by cyanogen bromide for the immobilisation of proteins. The sites for protein fixation are not restricted to the outside surface of the beads; small water soluble molecules, and serum proteins diffuse quite rapidly through the enlarged beads. A possible medical application of the large beads is in extracorporeal detoxification by chromatographic extraction or enzymatic modification, particularly of lipophilic toxins, using the enlarged beads as a carrier-matrix. The results described in this publication prove the viability of this concept. Such methods should be especially useful as artificial supports in fulminant hepatic failure.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1977

Fractionation of membrane vesicles. II. A method for separation of membrane vesicles bearing different enzymes by free-flow electrophoresis.

Free-flow electrophoresis was used to subfractionate membrane vesicles from calf thymocyte plasma membranes. The fractionation resulted in a separation of vesicle populations bearing four different enzymes: alkaline nitrophenyl-phosphatase (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkalin optimum) EC 3.1.3.1), gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2), (Mg2+ + Na+ + K+)-ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) and acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (acyl-CoA:1-acylglycero-3-phosphocholine-O-acyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.23). The specific content of cholesterol and total phospholipid coincided with the distribution of membrane-bound protein. However, vesicles migrating towards the cathode had a higher molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid (0.75) compared to those migrating to the anode (0.55). Sodium dodecyl sulphate-gel electrophoresis of pooled vesicle fractions also demonstrates distinct differences in their protein pattern. Electron-micrographic thin sections show that the vesicle populations have a similar morphology and size distribution. These results are discussed in terms of heterogeneity of the original thymocytes, contamination with intracellular membranes and a heterogeneous structure of the plasma membrane.

1-Acylglycerophosphocholine O-Acyltransferase↗
PubMed1977

[Serum-complement factors in the pseudo-LE syndrome (author's transl)].

In contrast to the situation in disseminated lupus erythematodes, in pseudo-LE syndrome the serum-complement factors C'3 and C'4 are elevated and not decreased in the active stage of the disease. Although both diseases are defined and easily distinguished by the demonstration of the specific pathognomonic autoantibodies, at least in the active stage, they can also be distinguished by determining these two complement factors. The finding also demonstrates a different pathogenesis of the two diseases. The serum concentration of C'3 activator is elevated both in LE and pseudo-LE. In the former, determining C'4 is a more sensitive test than that of C'3.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1976

Initial stages of differentiation of thymocytes in the plasma membrane.

There is some evidence in the plasma membrane after binding of molecules triggering differentiation processes that different membrane areas exist possessing different functions. We have tried to isolate these different membrane areas, using a type of affinity chromatography on Con A-Sepharose. Our results from binding sites, affinity constant and fatty acid composition seem to reinforce the evidence that heterogeneous plasma membrane areas exist having different functions in the proliferation and differentiation process of thymocytes after triggering with Con A.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1976

[Frequency of chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis in comparison with other chronic inflammatory liver diseases].

Primary biliary liver disease was diagnosed and verified by histology and demonstration of antibodies against mitochondrial proteins in 73 patients between 1970 and 1974. Comparing cases between 1950 and 1961 and between 1970 and 1974 with the frequency of other chronic inflammatory liver diseases it was found that figures for advanced primary biliary cirrhosis remained unchanged during both periods whereas early stages of primary biliary disease were detected far more frequently in the latter period. One case with chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis or complete primary biliary cirrhosis was outnumbered by 8 cases of chronic aggressive hepatitis and 15 of liver cirrhosis of various aetiologies in Kassel. The relations in Göttingen were 1 : 5 and 1 : 6, respectively. Primary biliary diseases are no longer rare.

Aged↗