Bilobe modification of the deep inferior epigastric artery flap for abdominal wall defect reconstruction.
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Abdominal Muscles↗
Biomedical subjects
G C Cormack
Publications and source records attributed to G C Cormack.
Clinical curiosities.
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Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
Fasciocutaneous flaps.
It is difficult to be objective about the fasciocutaneous system of flaps, whose development continues at an alarming speed. The references cited in this article, by no means comprehensive, are testimony to that. We have tried to be selective in our choice of reference, and anyone familiar with these references will have a good understanding of the fasciocutaneous system. These flaps have been recognized for less than 10 years, but their origins have been well based on an anatomical foundation. The revival in the anatomical basis of flaps, whether they be skin based, muscle based, or fascia based, is, we think, one of the most significant factors in the huge advance we have seen in reconstructive techniques in the last decade. To put reconstructive surgery in perspective, we see it in the following way: 1. Distant origins from ancient Egypt through Tagliacozzi to Dieffenbach. 2. The birth of modern reconstructive surgery, 1900 to 1930. 3. Skin flaps and the age of the tube, 1930 to 1960. 4. Anatomical renaissance; the axial skin flap and microsurgery. 5. The 1970s, decade of the muscle and musculocutaneous flaps. 6. The 1980s, decade of the fasciocutaneous flap. We repeat that to see our present efforts objectively is difficult. What is close to us seems more important, but as we progress further away from the origins of the fasciocutaneous flap, some aspects of these flaps will be seen as more important than others. The concept of including the fascia to produce a composite fascial skin flap is of fundamental importance. The discovery of these flaps is a milestone in reconstructive surgery. Our anatomical understanding of all flaps is also of paramount importance. Some of the individually described fasciocutaneous flaps will always remain best buys; some will be forgotten--and maybe even rediscovered.
Extremities↗
Cadaver studies of correlation between vessel size and anatomical territory of cutaneous supply.
The anatomical territories of individual vessels supplying the skin and subcutaneous tissues have been measured in specimens of cadaver skin following intra-arterial whole-body barium sulphate injection. An attempt has been made to correlate these area measurements with measurements of the diameters of individual vessels. A method has also been devised for measuring the "axiality" of the territories of distribution of individual perforators.
Blood Vessels↗
Measurement of geometric parameters in plastic surgery research: use of the departmental microcomputer.
Three types of digitising device are described which may be used with a microcomputer for the measurement of such parameters as length, distance, area, angles and point counts. Some applications in plastic surgery research are considered.
Biometry↗
The blood supply of the bone component of the compound osteo-cutaneous radial artery forearm flap--an anatomical study.
This paper reports the results of an investigation into the blood supply of that portion of the distal radius which may be incorporated into the fasciocutaneous radial artery forearm flap. The findings demonstrate that when detached from its medullary blood supply, this segment of bone is supplied predominantly by two fascioperiosteal branches of the radial artery augmented by a musculoperiosteal plexus at the site of attachment of flexor pollicis longus.
Adult↗
The blood supply of thigh skin.
The pattern of blood supply to the integument of the thigh is reported. A new technique is described for analyzing the length, direction, and number of arterioles in specimens of cadaver skin and deep fascia. The information obtained from these studies adds to existing knowledge of the anatomic vascular basis of direct cutaneous and musculocutaneous flaps in this region and provides a scientific basis for the elevation of fasciocutaneous flaps in such a way as to aid the achievement of maximum length-to-breadth ratios.
Fascia↗
Progress in flap surgery: greater anatomical understanding and increased sophistication in application.
An introduction summarizes the history of the development of flap surgery and puts the discovery of the fasciocutaneous flaps into historical perspective. The anatomical work underlying this discovery is presented and the way in which it has led to improved designs of flaps on the limbs is then described. Finally, the increased refinement and sophistication in the application of all types of flaps is demonstrated by a description of recent advances in the use of microsurgical free tissue transfer in 3 key areas of reconstructive surgery.
Animals↗