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Biomedical subjects

G C Gilmore

Publications and source records attributed to G C Gilmore.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Visual information decoding deficits in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenic and control subjects were tested on two-flash fusion (TFF) and visual backward masking (VBM) tasks in a repeated measures design. Each subject was tested in a single session. Both tasks used the same equipment and stimuli. There was no difference between the groups in their ability to detect the presence of two separate stimuli in the TFF task. Schizophrenic subjects did require longer interstimulus intervals (ISI) than control subjects to accurately report one of the two targets in the VBM task. Analysis of individual targets reveals that the VBM deficit is a function of the similarity of the target and mask. The more feature detail discrimination necessary, the longer an ISI is required in VBM. The data are interpreted as supporting the conclusion that since the groups did not differ in their performance of the TFF task, which would also have been affected by a sensory abnormality, the deficit in VBM must be explained by reference to a higher level of information processing. The VBM deficit is a failure to decode the target stimulus, and is not simply a function of abnormalities due to an overactive transient channel system.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Motion perception and aging.

The authors used a correlated motion paradigm to investigate the effects of aging and gender on motion sensitivity. In 2 experiments with a total of 50 elderly and 50 young subjects, motion thresholds were significantly higher for elderly women. The correlated motion signal, which was embedded in random motion, may have been coherent to subjects in much the same way a form is in Witkin's Embedded Figures Test (EFT). In Experiment 2, EFT scores were obtained. A significant positive relationship between motion thresholds and EFT performance was found within each age group. Although gender-related perceptual style differences may contribute to motion perception effects, the authors argue that a common neural factor contributes to performance on both the EFT and the correlated motion task.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of two methods of contrast sensitivity assessment with young and elderly adults.

The sensitivity of the neural channels which process spatial frequency information may be assessed by determining the threshold contrast for a range of spatial frequencies. The stability and reliability of two methods of assessment, von Bekesy tracking and increasing contrast, were examined over 4 sessions with a sample of 12 young and 12 elderly adults. The stimuli were presented as either a static display or in counterphase at a rate of 7.5 Hz. The method of increasing contrast proved to be the more stable and reliable of the two methods. Given the superior psychometric properties of this method and its ease of administration, the method of increasing contrast is recommended as a rapid and reliable screening tool. It should be of particular use for spatial contrast sensitivity assessment of patients who have a limited attention span.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Spatial contrast sensitivity in Alzheimer's disease: a comparison of two methods.

The present study was designed to compare the contrast sensitivity functions (CSF) obtained with the Nicolet CS2000 and the Vistech VCTS6500 for a sample (N = 25) of patients diagnosed with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a sample (N = 25) of healthy elderly adults. With the Nicolet, CSF were determined for gratings presented under static and rapidly counterphased (7.5 Hz) conditions. All research participants were able to complete the Vistech test. However, 13.7 and 7.4% of the original samples of Alzheimer patients and healthy adults, respectively, did not yield usable data. Both test instruments showed uniformly low contrast sensitivities for the AD group. The results support the proposition that AD involves a primary visual disturbance and suggest that the Vistech chart can be used with a broader range of patients for initial screening.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of scales used to quantitate the sense of effort to breathe in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Several different scaling techniques, i.e., Borg category (BC) and visual analogue (VA) scales have been used to quantitate the intensity of the respiratory sensations elicited during exercise, but their relationship is unclear. Six subjects with stable chronic obstructive lung disease (FEV1 = 1.2 +/- 0.1 SE L) simultaneously rated the sense of effort to breathe with both BC and VA scales during progressive, maximal exercise tests performed three to five times on a cycle ergometer. The VA scores correlated linearly with minute ventilation in all subjects in all trials (r = 0.98 +/- 0.01), and when converted to common units (i.e., Z scores) correlated closely with simultaneous scores obtained using the Borg scale (r = 0.99 +/- 0.01). Furthermore, VA scores varied minimally over several trials. Coefficient of variation for the maximal VA scores was 6 +/- 1%, which was similar to the variation in maximal Borg score (i.e., 3 +/- 1%). We conclude that the visual analogue scale is reproducible and correlates closely with the Borg score when scaling the sense of effort to breathe during exercise in subjects with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Balint's syndrome in Alzheimer's disease: visuospatial functions.

A subgroup of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) developed Balint's syndrome, an uncommon and incompletely understood disorder of visuospatial processing. We characterized the visuospatial features of three AD patients with Balint's syndrome and compared them to three comparably demented AD patients without this syndrome. On visuospatial tasks, the Balint patients were unable to integrate visual stimuli over space. On contrast sensitivity testing, the Balint patients had significantly decreased contrast sensitivities for low spatial frequency gratings (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 cpd) alternated at 7.5 Hz. Furthermore, the Balint patients had left visual field attentional deficits and normal hemifield P100 visual evoked potentials. In AD, Balint's syndrome involved decreased sensitivity to low spatial frequencies necessary for global visuospatial analysis, a disturbance suggesting damage to the magnocellular visual system in the occipitoparietal association cortex and, possibly, in the optic nerves.

Aged↗