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Biomedical subjects

G Canti

Publications and source records attributed to G Canti.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Use of two epithelium-specific monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis of malignancy in serous effusions.

Two monoclonal antibodies, HMFG2 and AUA1, raised against epithelial-cell determinants were used to detect carcinoma cells in smears of serous effusions. Both antibodies react strongly with malignant epithelial cells but not with normal mesothelial or endothelial cells. A third antibody, 11-4.1, which does not react with any human tissue, was used as a negative control. An immunoperoxidase-staining technique was applied to smears of cells from serous effusions. The immunohistochemical diagnosis was in agreement with the cytological diagnosis. In cases with equivocal cytology in which the diagnosis became clear in later samples, the immunohistochemical diagnosis gave the correct result. With this combination of tumour-associated monoclonal antibodies a confident diagnosis of malignancy in serous effusions can be made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Epithelial Membrane Antigen. Its use in the cytodiagnosis of malignancy in serous effusions.

The cytological distinction between reactive mesothelial and malignant cells frequently causes problems for the diagnostic cytologist. In order to determine whether an immunocytochemical method might help resolve these difficult cases, we have stained smears from 309 serous effusions from 246 patients for the Epithelial Membrane Antigen (EMA). The EMA staining was classified as strong, weak or negative. Carcinoma cells (as diagnosed by conventional cytology) stained strongly for EMA in 63 of the 116 positive smears (54%). Five out of 15 (33%) of cytologically suspicious smears from patients with known carcinomas gave a strong EMA stain. Of particular interest were three effusions in which malignant cells were not identified in conventionally stained smears and in which a small number of EMA positive cells were identified. The EMA positive cells were subsequently restained by the Papanicolaou method and identified as malignant on retrospective morphological examination.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1982

Immunological cross-reactivity between H-2Dk product and DTIC-treated H-2d lymphoma.

The experiments reported here concern the characterization by techniques of in vitro cell-mediated immunity of the antigens induced by 5-(3,3' dimethyl-1-triazine)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC) on L1210, a chemically-induced lymphoma of DBA/2 mice (H-2d). This series of experiments with the DTIC-treated L1210 tumour show the presence of an 'H-2D'-like antigen which resembles the Dk gene product/s of the H-2k haplotype.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The epr spectra of the inhibitor derivatives of cobalt carbonic anhydrase.

The epr spectra at 4.2 K of inhibitor derivatives of cobalt carbonic anhydrase have been recorded. The spectra can be grouped into two classes according to whether the low-field signal is broad or sharp and with g ranges of 6.1-6.8, 2.3-2.9, 1.6-1.8, and 5.8-6.2, 2.2-2.8, 1.5-1.8, respectively, The two kinds of spectra have been empirically related to the features of the room-temperature solution electronic spectra. A third kind of epr spectrum with a single broad signal is obtained when the inhibitor is in large excess. The possibility of using the epr spectra for deducing the geometry of cobalt enzymes is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Chemotherapy and immunotherapy of L1210 leukemic mice with antigenic tumor sublines.

Tumor cells, treated in vivo with anticancer compounds, may acquire new antigenic specificities in addition to any original antigens associated with parental tumors. Treatment of mice carrying the parental leukemias L1210 Ha or L1210 Cr with leukemia cells antigenically altered by treatment with 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (L1210 Ha/DTIC and L1210 Cr/DTIC, respectively) was essentially ineffective in prolonging the life span of the animals. However, synergic therapeutic activity was exhibited by administration of L1210 Ha/DTIC cells plus 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea in the treatment of the moderately immunogenic L1210 Ha leukemia and by the combination of L1210 Cr/DTIC cells and lymphocytes immune to L1210 Cr/DTIC administered with 1,3-lymphocytes immune to L1210 Cr/DTIC administered with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea in the treatment of the low immunogenic L1210 Cr leukemia. Early and advanced L1210 Cr-bearing mice showed marked increases in survival time and a significant number of tumor-free survivors on treatment with cyclophosphamide followed by transfer of lymphocytes immune to L1210 Cr/DTIC cells. When parental tumor cells were used as the immunogen, the therapeutic effect was diminished. Thus, in the current investigation, although immunotherapy per se was essentially ineffective, the immunochemotherapeutic modalities used were successful in markedly increasing the survival time of leukemic animals and resulted in an incidence of cures.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Complexes between pilocarpine and cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), and zinc(II) ions.

The properties of pilocarpine as a ligand toward the halides of cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), and zinc(II) were investigated. Pilocarpine behaved as a monodentate ligand, giving rise to compounds with the general formula methyl(pilocarpine)2X2. The coordinating geometry at the metal ion was pseudotetrahedral in every case. PMR studies showed that the pyridine-type nitrogen of the imidazole ring of pilocarpine was the donor atom of the ligand.

Cobalt↗
PubMed1979

Safety and efficacy of living BCG or BCG cell walls (CW) in the treatment of guinea pig hepatoma.

Guinea pigs with established intradermal tumors and microscopic lymph node metastases were treated by intralesional injection of graded doses of living BCG or BCG CW. The lowest dose of living BCG used produced a significant cure rate and no grossly evident toxicity. An intermediate and the highest dose of living BCG used cured some animals but others lost weight and a significant number died as a result of the treatment. Histologic examination of animals with significant weight loss showed fatty degeneration of the liver, granulomatous hepatitis and histiocytic infiltration of the spleen. None of the doses of BCG CW used was toxic and they were at least as effective as living BCG in intralesional treatment. In some experiments in which treatment was delayed it was found that the extent of disease required to render treatment ineffective was about the same for living BCG and for BCG CW.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Regression of established oral tumors after intralesional injection of living BCG or BCG cell walls.

Oral tumors with associated cervical lymph node metastases developed after injection of tumor cells into buccal pads of inbred guinea pigs. Intralesional injection of living BCG or BCG cell walls (CW) caused regression of established tumors, prevented the development of cervical lymph node metastases and led to the development of host resistance to the growth of subsequent tumor transplant.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Investigation of the system cobalt(II) bovine carbonic anhydrase B-trichloroacetaldehyde.

The interactions between hydrated trichloroacetaldehyde and cobalt(II)bovine carbonic anhydrase B have been investigated as a function of pH by means of electronic spectroscopy of FT nmr spectroscopy. The hydrated aldehyde is bound to the metal ion and its apparent affinity constant is pH dependent with a bell-shaped profile. The kinetic parameters of the dissociation process have also been determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Value of Papanicolaou-stained smears in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis, candidiasis, and cervical herpes simplex virus infection in women.

In the diagnosis of trichomoniasis Papanicolaou-stained cervical smears gave marginally better results than cultures of vaginal secretion; stained cervical smears and wet films of vaginal material gave similar results. Culture of vaginal secretion on Sabouraud's medium gave the best results in the diagnosis of candidiasis; Papanicolaou-stained smears gave significantly fewer positive results than either cultures or Gram-stained vaginal smears. Papanicolaou-stained smears were reported as positive in only two of five patients with cervical herpes simplex virus infection. It is concluded that Papanicolaou smears are as good as wet films or cultures in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis but cannot be relied on for the diagnosis of candidiasis, or for detecting herpes simplex virus infection.

Candida↗
PubMed1975

Survey of the sputum cytology service in England and Wales.

Of the 231 laboratories carrying out sputum cytology in England and Wales, information on the staffing, laboratory procedures, workload, records, and results for the year 1971 was obtained from 228 (98.7%) by means of a questionnaire, which was completed in 1973 in 81% of the laboratories and at the end of 1972 in the remainder. At the time the questionnaire was completed, the number of laboratories per region offering a service ranged from 6 to 25. Most of the processing of specimens was done by technicians and non-medical screeners (technicians without recognized qualifications) and most of the microscopy by pathologists and technicians. Papanicolaou and/or haematoxylin and eosin stains were used in 97% of the laboratories. During 1971, the number of specimens tested per laboratory ranged from 9 to 6000. A median of 381 specimens and 165 patients were tested per laboratory. Almost all specimens were submitted by hospitals and chest clinics and only 1% by general practitioners. An estimated median of 6.5% of all cytological specimens were sputum, most of the remainder being cervical smears. Laboratories varied greatly in their positive (0%-24%) and doubtful positive (0%-27%) rates. An estimated 63 000 patients had their sputum tested in 1971, and about 6300 had positive reports, rather less than one-quarter of all patients diagnosed as having lung cancer in England and Wales in 1971. The cost of the service was estimated to be of the order of pound375 000 at 1974 prices; that is, pound2.50 per specimen or pound6.00 per patient tested. An improved service might best be provided by district general hospital laboratories testing at least 1000 specimens per year so that a high level of accuracy in reporting could be assurred. A large proportion of the microscopy might be done by non-medical graduates and technicians under the supervision of pathologists.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1975

Electrical potential difference between basal cell carcinoma, benign inflammatory lesions and normal tissue.

Measurement of the resting electrical potential difference on the surface of the skin has been made on patients with suspected basal cell carcinoma. It was demonstrated that in fifty-five lesions from forty-nine patients, the mean electrical potential difference from thirty-six basal cell carcinomas was found to be +II mV, from nineteen benign inflammatory lesions it was found to be +2 mV, and from normal skin, contra-lateral to the lesions in both groups, it was found to be -3 mV. All the measurements are relative to a reference electrode placed under the tongue. The difference between the means for the inflammatory lesions and for the normal skin was found to be statistically insignificant, but the difference between these means and the mean potential difference for the basal cell carcinoma group was found to be highly significant (P less than 0-1%). However, the populations overlap to such an extent as to make the measurement, in its present form, useless as a diagnostic technique.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗