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Biomedical subjects

G Capasso

Publications and source records attributed to G Capasso.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The beneficial effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on cyclosporine nephrotoxicity.

Nephrotoxicity is the most common and important side effect of cyclosporine (CyA) therapy. It is characterized by a fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and by a decrease in sodium and water excretion. Since atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has been shown to increase GFR and to cause a potent diuretic and natriuretic effect, we have investigated the potential beneficial action of ANP on CyA induced renal injury. To this end two groups of animals were studied: 1) rats that received an intravenous infusion of CyA (20 mg/kg body weight) (acute studies) and 2) rats that have been treated with daily intraperitoneal injections of CyA (20 mg/kg body weight) for a total of seven days (chronic studies). To both groups of rats synthetic ANP was administered intravenously as a bolus (10 micrograms/kg) and then as a constant infusion (1 microgram/kg/min). In group 1 the CyA administration resulted in a decrease in GFR, urine output, urinary sodium and potassium excretion. After ANP infusion there was a prompt restoration of GFR, with a large rise in urine, sodium and potassium excretion rates. Similar effects on renal hemodynamics and electrolyte excretion rates were detected after ANP administration in chronic CyA treatment. These data show that the administration of ANP to rats that have been exposed to acute or chronic CyA treatment is able to reverse the harmful effect of CyA on renal function.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1990

Chronic tuberculous rheumatism (Poncet's disease) in a gymnast.

Chronic arthritis, whether primary or reactive, is an unusual manifestation of long standing tuberculosis. We described the case of a 16-year-old gymnast with tuberculous rheumatism (Poncet's disease) secondary to Pott's disease of the dorsal spine. The possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Tennis elbow: an ultrasonographic study in tennis players.

The findings of ultrasound examination at and around the lateral humeral epicondyle in 41 tennis players suffering from so called tennis elbow are reported. Ultrasound examinations were performed with a real time ultrasound machine. The tenderness and functional impairment of tennis elbow may be caused by several different lesions, at times appearing in association. Six ultrasonographic characteristics could be identified: Enthesiopathy The proximal part of the tendon was enlarged and there were echogenicity alterations. Tendonitis The tendon of the extensor carpi radialis brevis was enlarged and areas of dyshomogeneous hypoechogenicity were evident with loss of the normal microscopic waveform structure of the tendon collagen. Peritendonitis A thickening of the peritendonous lining was present. Bursitis A bursa was located on the inferior surface of the tendon of the extensor carpi radialis brevis. Intramuscular haematoma Some circular or ovoid hypoechogenic areas within the muscular substance of the extensor carpi radialis brevis were evident. Mixed lesions These were not correlated with the intensity and the duration of the symptoms. Ultrasonographic examination gives a detailed ++image of the structures involved in the tennis elbow syndrome, confirms the diagnosis, and may be useful in monitoring treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The renal hemodynamic response following a meat meal in children with chronic renal failure and in healthy controls.

The renal hemodynamic response to a meat meal (2 g/kg BW) was studied in 11 healthy children and in 10 children with a mean plasma creatinine concentration of 2.6 +/- 0.1 mg/dl due to chronic renal failure (CRF) of various etiologies. In the healthy status, after a meat meal, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increased significantly from a baseline value of 119.0 +/- 5.0 to a peak of 159 +/- 5.8 ml/min x 1.73 m2; in CRF baseline GFR averaged 49 +/- 4.0 and at peak 76.6 +/- 7.2 ml/min x 1.73 m2 (p less than 0.005). The peak GFR response was reached earlier in healthy subjects than in CRF (p less than 0.05) and did not correlate with age or with baseline GFR. Renal plasma flow (RPF) in healthy controls increased from 532 +/- 32 at baseline to 646 +/- 42.9 ml/min x 1.73 m2 after the meal (p less than 0.005). Also in CRF after a meat meal there was a significant increase in RPF from 278 +/- 51 to 65 +/- 66 ml/min x 1.73 m2 (p less than 0.005). The filtration fraction was not affected. The percent increase over baseline values of GFR and RPF at the peak was significantly higher in diseased children. Renal reserve averaged 28.1 +/- 5.3 ml/min in diseased children and 39.7 +/- 5.2 ml/min (p less than 0.01). The data indicate that (1) a meat meal is a suitable method to recruit renal reserve in normal children and in children with chronic renal failure, and (2) the renal reserve is normal in chronic renal failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Rupture of the intersesamoid ligament of a soccer player's foot.

The traumatic dislocation of the lateral sesamoid of the flexor hallucis brevis tendon in a soccer player is reported. It was treated surgically by open reduction and ligamentoplasty of the ruptured intersesamoid ligament. Fourteen months after the injury, the patient is fully asymptomatic, and has returned to full activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Infiltrations in gonarthrosis, a therapeutic turning point: the use of a proteinase inhibitor].

On the basis of evidence of the considerable damage caused by proteolytic enzymes in cases of degenerative arthritis, the authors propose the intra-articular introduction of an inhibitor of these enzymes (aprotinine). Both the immediate and long-term results of this therapy are very promising from a clinical standpoint. This drug not only acted on the symptoms of pain and stiffness, but also blocked the degeneration and consequent cell damage, restoring physiological homeostasis. Considering its high tolerability and absence of side effects, this drug represents a significant turning point in the treatment of degenerative joint disease, with results that are strikingly superior to those achieved with commonly used infiltrative drugs.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Domiciliary management of congenital dislocation of the hip.

The authors describe their experience in treating congenital dislocation of the hip by means of domiciliary traction. Because the children are allowed to live at home during the entire treatment period, family life is not disrupted. The treatment is not only more economical than a prolonged hospital admission would be, it is equally effective and the rate of complications is acceptably low.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1990

Parathyroidectomy has a beneficial effect on experimental cisplatin nephrotoxicity.

It has recently been suggested that selective parathyroidectomy modifies drug-induced acute renal failure. In the present study, we tested whether parathyroid hormone (PTH) could play a role in the pathogenesis of cisplatin (CP) nephrotoxicity. Parathyroidectomized rats (PTX) with normal blood calcium, were injected with two different doses of CP (group Ia: 10 mg/kg and group Ib: 6 mg/kg) and their renal functions were evaluated after 72 hours (group 1 a) and 120 h (group 1 b), respectively. All animals exhibited a milder course of acute renal failure when compared to sham-PTX CP treated rats, with lower serum creatinines (SCr) (group Ia: 1.99 +/- 0.14 vs 2.91 +/- 0.56 mg/dl, p less than 0.05) (group Ib: 1.45 +/- 0.08 vs 1.80 +/- 0.09 mg/dl, p less than 0.05) and blood urea (BUN) (group Ia: 76 +/- 5 vs 115 +/- 19 mg/dl, p less than 0.05) (group Ib: 70 +/- 9 vs 88 +/- 10 mg/dl p less than 0.05). Furthermore, the i.p. administration of PTH (50 I.U. twice daily for 9 days) to normal rats treated with CP (6 mg/kg) aggravated the CP-induced ARF as compared to vehicle injected animals (SCr 2.23 +/- 0.16 vs 1.63 +/- 0.19 mg/dl, p less than 0.05 and BUN 153 +/- 22 vs 97 +/- 20 mg/dl, p less than 0.05). Treatment with the calcium channel blocker verapamil (4 mg/kg) nine days before and three days after CP (4 mg/kg) administration, had no significant effect on cisplatin nephrotoxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1989

Atrial natriuretic peptide has no direct effect on proximal tubule sodium and water reabsorption.

Infusion of ANP has been shown to increase the urinary excretion of sodium and water. However it is still controversial in which tubular segment sodium reabsorption is inhibited. To clarify this problem we have performed in vivo and in vitro studies to examine the direct effect of ANP on rat proximal tubules. The in vivo effect of ANP has been tested by using the micropuncture technique and in particular the shrinking droplet method that allows each investigated tubule to serve as its own control. Addition of either low (10(-9) M) or high (2 x 10(-6) M) concentrations of ANP to the luminal perfusate resulted in no significant change in isotonic fluid reabsorption (Jv). The same holds when the proximal tubules were perfused on both the tubular and peritubular side, with modified Ringer solution containing 10(-9) M ANP. To examine possible in vitro effects of ANP we prepared highly purified proximal tubule suspension derived from rat renal cortex and monitored oxygen consumption (QO2) that is tightly coupled to sodium transport in this segment. Synthetic ANP, either at low (10(-9) M) or at high (10(-6) M) concentrations, did not affect basal rate of tubular respiration. Moreover the peptide hormone (10(-9) M) did not inhibit nystatin stimulated and ouabain sensitive QO2. These results indicate that the enhancement of renal sodium excretion induced by ANP is not related to a direct inhibition of sodium transport in the proximal tubule.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1989

Low protein alimentation normalizes renal haemodynamic response to acute protein ingestion in type 1 diabetic children.

The effect of an acute protein load (2 g kg-1 bodyweight [BW]) was studied in nine type 1 diabetic children. Patients were maintained on two different dietary regimens. In study one, patients were on a high protein diet providing from 2.7 to 1.8 g of protein/kg of BW per day. In study two, patients were reevaluated after three weeks of a diet providing from 1.0 to 1.2 g kg-1 of BW per day of protein. In study one (High Protein Diet), we failed to observe any rise in GFR and RPF following the protein meal (137 +/- 21 basal vs. 110 +/- 14 and 472 +/- 93 basal vs. 494 +/- 93 ml/1.73 m2 of SA min-1 at 60 min. This is in contrast with results from seven age matched controls consuming a free diet, which showed a significant rise in both GFR and RPF. In study two (low protein diet), basal GFR was significantly reduced. However after the protein load, both GFR (92 +/- 11 vs. 126 +/- 18 ml/1.73 m2 of SA min-1) and RPF (467 +/- 83 vs. 705 +/- 102 ml/1.73 m2 min-1) rose significantly (P less than 0.05 vs. basal). The data indicate that: 1. short term protein restriction reduces significantly GFR in type 1 diabetic children; 2. diabetic children maintained on an high protein intake show an altered haemodynamic response to protein ingestion; 3. a normal response to protein ingestion can be restored by short term dietary protein restriction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Ankle taping: support given by different materials.

Three different adhesive and two non-adhesive tapes were used by three operators to assess the compressive action exerted on the ankle at the moment of strapping, during different phases of gait, and after some days of treatment in ten volunteers. Only the adhesive tapes were still able to prevent swelling after five days. They should be used if a prolonged compressive action is required.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1989

Glove perforation in elective orthopedic surgery.

A survey of glove perforation in 16 orthopedic surgeons during a 6-month period was carried out. During this time, the surgeons performed 304 elective operations. In 1,398 pairs of gloves tested, evidence of perforation was found in 26 percent.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1989

Ultrasonographic findings in subcutaneous rupture of Achilles tendon.

Twelve patients who had suffered a subcutaneous rupture of the tendo calcaneous underwent real-time ultrasonography using a 5 MHz sectorial probe. The main findings were the disappearance of the path of the tendon, haematoma formation, and alterations of the echogenicity of the Kager's triangle.

Achilles Tendon↗