PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Cathelineau

Publications and source records attributed to G Cathelineau.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Value of genetic studies and immunologic markers in diabetes. Prediction of insulin dependence].

A new classification based on physiopathological criteria distinguishes Type I diabetes, observed in patients with stigmata of anti-islet of Langerhans auto-immunity, from Type II diabetes without these autoimmune changes. Type I diabetes is sub-divided into Classes Ia and Ib, Class Ib comprising those cases associated with other auto-immune diseases. Serological analysis of 76 patients with clinical type Ia diabetes and 215 healthy, first degree relatives showed that the distinction between Classes Ia and Ib was not clear-cut and that patients classified clinically Ia were in fact infraclinical Ib subjects. Forty-one per cent of patients with Class Ia diabetes had anti-gastric, anti-adrenal or anti-thyroid antibodies, and 28 p. 100 of their healthy relatives also had the same types of antibodies. Several prospective studies of the families of patients with Type I diabetes have shown that anti-islet of Langerhans antibodies were associated with a high risk of diabetes. Similarly, the presence of these antibodies in patients apparently with Type II diabetes (non-insulin dependent) was associated with an increased risk of developing insulin dependence. These results illustrate the value of immunological investigations in diabetic patients. They may influence the choice of treatment in the future.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Paradoxic improvement of glucose intolerance in 8 females using estrogen-progestagen contraceptives containing norgestrel and ethinyl-estradiol].

Sixty females, aged 20 to 35, received an oral contraceptive pill (Norgestrel 0.5 mg and Ethinyloestradiol 50 micrograms/day) during one year. Group I was formed by 41 normal patients before and after 12 months. Group II was formed by 11 patients, normal before and with impaired oral glucose tolerance after 12 months. Group III was formed by 8 patients with impaired glucose tolerance before treatment and normal oral glucose tolerance after 12 months. All patients were submitted to 3 oral glucose tolerance tests, the first one at the 16th day of the control cycle, the second and the third at the 16th days of the 6th and 12th cycles during treatment. No significative modification of glycemia, insulinemia or weight was noted in group I. In group II the impaired oral glucose tolerance was associated with an increase of weight. In group III the improvement of glucose tolerance was marked by hyperinsulinemia.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1984

[Role of calcium in the metabolism of carbohydrates].

The role of calcium in the metabolism of carbohydrates is rather complex. It has been shown particularly "in vitro" but also "in vivo", to act on beta cells and peripheral effectors. Cytosolic calcium is determinant for insulin secretion in beta cells. It may be increased by a transfer of extracellular calcium into the intra cellular medium or by a transfer of cytoplasmic organelles into the cytosol. The former is due to the action of glucose or its metabolites. The latter is dependent on the CAMP, probably modulated by the glucose or its metabolites. The action of calcium causes the calmodulin to push on the phosphorylated proteins as does the action of CAMP on the protein kinases. The phosphorylated proteins act on the microtubular and microfilamentous systems; they are responsible for the insulin exocytosis. Calcium interposes a large number of insulin agonists and antagonists. These effects have been proved "in vivo" pathology (hypocalcemia, hyperparathyroidism or hypoparathyroidism) and during intravenous calcium infusion or during administration of products which modify calcium repartition. Calcium on peripheral effectors is considered as a second insulin messenger. But the role of calcium is, in fact, more complex, acting on the affinity of the insulin receptors. Its action on the enzymes could either be agonistic or antagonistic of insulin. The "in vitro" results are also variable.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Evidence for adrenal and/or ovarian dysfunction as a possible etiology of idiopathic hirsutism.

Thirty-one cases of idiopathic hirsutism, characterized biochemically in the basal state by increased levels of urinary 3 alpha-androstane-5 alpha, 17 beta-diol and normal levels of the main androgens, were studied. In order to determine a possible etiologic heterogeneity of idiopathic hirsutism, pituitary gonadotropin responses to synthetic luteinizing-releasing hormone (LRH) and adrenal steroid responses to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation were evaluated and the results were compared to those in six normal women. On the basis of the results obtained in each hirsute patient after LRH and ACTH tests, two groups were identified. The majority, 23 of 31 hirsute patients (group I), had results similar to those in the control group. In the other eight patients (group II), biologic abnormalities were disclosed and suggested a partial adrenal 11 beta-hydroxylase defect in two patients, an incomplete form of adrenal 3 beta-ol deficiency in one patient, an adrenal hyperreactivity without evident cause in two patients, and polycystic ovary syndrome in association with an adrenal hyperreactivity in three patients. As a group, the eight patients showed ACTH-stimulated increments in testosterone, delta 4-androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, and 17-ketosteroids that were significantly greater (p less than 0.01) than the mean responses in the control group. The conclusion is that some women who previously were designated as having "idiopathic" hirsutism had an adrenal and/or ovarian component to their hyperandrogenism which could be shown only by appropriate dynamic tests.

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1983

[Hyperparathyroidism following cervical irradiation. A case and review of the literature].

A case of hyperparathyroidism in a fifty-four-year-old man, who had had cervical irradiation eighteen years earlier, is reported. Review of the medical literature reveals that the first such case was described in 1975 and that approximately 20.5% of all patients with hyperparathyroidism have had irradiation to the head and/or neck (126 cases were found in the literature). In most instances, patients had irradiation before age twenty. The mean time-interval between irradiation and diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism is 37.5 years. Radiation dose was always above 200 rads. Histologic examination found 71.7% adenomas, 25% hyperplasias, and 3.3% borderline lesions. Antecedent irradiation to the neck should be considered an additional clue to the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism.

Head↗
PubMed1983

Insulin and cortisol secretion during OGTT in patients with reactive hypoglycaemia with or without clinical symptoms.

A five hour OGTT was performed on 24 women with 75 g glucose load. Seven of these were normal controls (group I). Eleven women had symptomatic reactive hypoglycaemia (group II). Six women were without clinical symptoms of reactive hypoglycaemia but had biological hypoglycaemia (group III). Biological hypoglycaemia was defined by a plasma glucose level below 2.8 mmol/l, occurring between 150 and 270 minutes during OGTT. Plasma glucose, insulin and cortisol levels were assayed every 30 minutes before and after glucose ingestion. In normal subjects and in the 6 women with asymptomatic reactive hypoglycaemia, plasma insulin and cortisol levels did not differ between both groups during the five hour OGTT. In these patients the cortisol level decreased during the OGTT. In patients with reactive hypoglycaemia with clinical symptoms, the cortisol decreased between 0 and 150 minutes, and then increased between 150 and 240 minutes from 5.9 to 19.8 +/- 1.4 micrograms/100 ml during the phase of clinical hypoglycaemia. This suggests increased plasma cortisol after reactive hypoglycaemia is a specific biological finding with clinical symptoms due to reactive hypoglycaemia; this differentiates the pathological hypoglycaemia from a transitory physiological state, both associated with biological hypoglycaemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Pathological hyperprolactinemia II. course and diagnostic and therapeutic problems].

Natural growth of prolactinomas unrelated to pregnancy of certain drugs is slow. Mixed adenomas should be systematically looked for since acromegaly or Cushing syndrome may be cured by bromoergocriptine (brc) alone. Management of prolactinomas now rests mainly on bromoergocriptine. Surgery may still be indicated in encapsulated voluminous adenomas, in growing tumors that do not respond to large doses of brc, and in exacerbations during pregnancy which are not rapidly controlled by brc. When hyperprolactinemia does not respond to brc the patient should be investigated for a premenopausal state of a suprasellar lesion.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1982

[Pathologic hyperprolactinemia. I. Positive diagnosis and etiology].

Hyperprolactinemia is common and mainly encountered in premenopausal women. The most prevalent causes are drugs (estrogens, neuroleptics), hypothalamic and pituitary disorders (functional abnormalities, intrasellar adenomas, suprasellar lesions) and hypothyroidism. Although the typical picture is the amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome, hyperprolactinemia may be revealed by many other features, including obesity, hirsutism and sterility. When plain roentgenograms show a normal sella, neither dynamic tests nor polytommography can lead to unequivocal diagnosis of a tumor. Computerized tomography scanning is now the most reliable investigation in patients with hyperprolactinemia resulting from an obvious or suspected tumor.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1982

Physiological and pathological variations in saliva cortisol.

A radioimmunological method for measuring saliva cortisol was worked out. It includes one extraction and one radiocompetitive reaction with an anticortisol 3-CMO:BSA immunoserum. Frequent values for saliva cortisol were determined in various physiological and pathological conditions and compared to plasma cortisol values. In adult men, the mean concentrations at 8 a.m. and midnight were respectively 14.50 +/- 7.10 and 1.40 +/- 1.21 nmol/l (mean +/- SD). In untreated women, plasma and saliva cortisol levels were not significantly different from those measured in women taking estroprogestative drugs or in pregnant women. Following stimulation by synthetic beta 1-24 ACTH (Synacthen), the saliva cortisol determined 90 min after the 8 a.m. sampling rose by over 500% whereas plasma cortisol only rose by 120%. Similarly the drop in 8 a.m. cortisol, which followed midnight administration of 1 mg of dexamethasone was larger for saliva than for plasma cortisol. In patients with adrenal hyperactivity the circadian rhythm disappeared from saliva cortisol and patients with deficient adrenal activity displayed drastically reduced levels for saliva cortisol. Saliva cortisol seems thus to be more helpful to diagnosis than plasma cortisol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The relationship between tooth vibratory sensation and periodontal disease.

Forty subjects both with and without periodontal disease were studied. Tooth proprioception was tested in regard to vibratory stimuli and the sensory perception thresholds were measured. A link was found between the quantitative diminution of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone and the perception thresholds relative to vibratory stimuli. These thresholds are elevated in subjects with periodontal disease and are dependent on the region of the dental arch to which the stimulus is applied. Modification of these afferent sensory impulses leads to a change in the occlusal stroke pattern and possible exacerbation of the initial insult.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effect of calcium infusion on post-reactive hypoglycemia.

In normal subjects, the continuous infusion of calcium during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) did not improve both glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. In diabetics, an improvement in OGTT was observed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium on reactive hypoglycemia. Nine normal controls and fourteen non obese, non diabetic patients with reactive hypoglycemia plasma glucose, less than 2.8 mmol/l during 5 hours OGTT, 75 g glucose, were studied. The protocal included two five hours OGTT with an interval of eight days, with a randomized infusion of normal saline or calcium (35 mEq/5h). An highly significant increase in plasma calcium was observed throughout the calcium infusion, in all subjects. In normal subjects, this infusion did not affect insulin secretion and OGTT, contrary to all patients with reactive hypoglycemia in whom calcium infusion produced significant increase in plasma glucose with p less than 0.05, p less than 0.02 at 120, p less than 0.01 at 180 min. Simultaneously the symptoms of hypoglycemia disappeared. Continuous infusion of calcium suppressed reactive hypoglycemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Simultaneous radioimmunoassay of androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone and 11-beta-hydroxyandrostenedione in plasma.

A simultaneous radioimmunoassay for delta 4-androstenedione (delta 4), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione (11 beta OH delta 4) in plasma is described. This involved preparing first an anti-11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione-3-0-carboxymethyl oxime/BSA antiserum which binds both delta 4 and 11 beta OH delta 4, and an anti-dehydrosterone-7-0-carboxymethyl oxime/BSA antiserum. A chromatographic step using celite minicolumns separates these three steroids. The method was applied to the measurement of the plasma basal values of these three androgens in control subjects. Mean concentrations (ng/ml) of delta 4, DHA and 11 beta OH delta 4 were respecstively 1.35, 6.63 and 3.13 in males; 1.35, 6.65 and 2.59 in premenopausal females; 0.46, 1.53 and 1.38 in post-menopausal females, and 0.39, 0.73 and 1.78 in children 1--6 years of age. Dynamic tests were also carried out: ACTH stimulation was found to increase delta 4, DHA and 11 beta OH delta 4. Dexamethasone had a reverse effect causing a 50% diminution in delta 4 levels, a marked decrease in DHA levels, and a 90% decrease in 11 beta OH delta 4 levels. Metyrapone test was found to produce a 223% increase in delta 4 levels, a 196% increase in DHA levels, and a decrease of more than 90% in the 11 beta OH delta 4 levels. Estroprogestative drug treatment was accompanied by a decrease of not only delta 4, but also of DHA and 11 beta OH delta 4. Preliminary clinical results concerning these steroids show a parallel increase or decrease of delta 4 and 11 beta OH delta 4 in adrenal pathology. In ovarian hyperandrogeny, delta 4 is increased and 11 beta OH delta 4 is unchanged.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗