PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Cavalli

Publications and source records attributed to G Cavalli.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Single kidney function: effect of acute protein and water loading on microalbuminuria.

The hyperfiltration induced by an acute response to an oral protein and water load was investigated to ascertain whether it can modify the urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in the microalbuminuric range by further increasing the glomerular filter permeability. To this end, six patients with a single kidney selected as having microalbuminuria on a regular diet without the clinical or laboratory data of overt renal disease and eight healthy subjects received a short-term protein and water load (150 g of meat-derived protein and 1 liter of water). In patients with one kidney, mean basal UAE values were significantly higher than in control subjects (p less than 0.006), whereas endogenous creatinine clearance values were only slightly lower (p greater than 0.05). One hour after the protein and water load, an abrupt increase in microalbuminuria levels was found in patients with one kidney and mean UAE values were significantly higher than in control subjects (p less than 0.002), whereas mean creatinine clearance values were significantly lower in patients than in control subjects (p less than 0.01). High UAE (p less than 0.002) and low creatinine clearance (p less than 0.002) values were maintained over the following four hours in patients with one kidney. These data suggest that in the single kidney with reduced renal functional reserve, an oral protein and water load magnifies the pre-existing loss of glomerular permselective properties due to chronic hyperfiltration as manifested by a further increase in microalbuminuria.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Histometry of splenic microvascular architecture in hairy cell leukaemia.

In this study we investigated the splenic microvascular architecture in hairy cell leukaemia, in order to provide a morphological basis for the haemodynamic modifications occurring in the disease. When compared with controls, the four leukaemic spleens examined showed a set of changes involving both the arterial and the venous system. A real increase in the absolute volume, surface and length of pulp arterial vessels was present. This increase was not so great as the enlargement of the spleen, thus resulting in a reduced density of distribution of arterial vessels in the infiltrated pulp. Enlargement of pulp cords and sinuses was also present: the pulp cord enlargement was apparent in the unit volume, which resulted in a disproportionately higher increase of the absolute volume, compared with that of sinuses. The sinus-cordal rearrangement and, particularly, the increase in the volume of pulp cords may cause a slowing down of blood cell circulation with resultant increased phagocytosis and hypersplenism. Moreover, it is suggested that the changes observed in the arterial bed of the spleen in hairy cell leukaemia involve both a reduced blood supply per unit volume of splenic pulp and a more marked conditioning of blood cells prior to their screening by cordal macrophages.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Raised serum beta 2 microglobulin levels in different stages of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Serum beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2-M) levels were determined in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), AIDS Related Complex (ARC), Persistent Generalized Lymphadenopathy (PGL), healthy intravenous drug addicts (IVDA) and heterosexual controls. Seventy-eight out of 79 AIDS patients (98.7%) exhibited elevated beta 2-M levels. High levels of beta 2-M were also found in 83 of 100 (83%) of PGL/ARC patients and in 24 of 56 (42.8%) healthy IVDA. Patients with AIDS had significantly higher mean beta 2-M levels when compared with all other groups. The mean levels of PGL/ARC patients were significantly higher than those of healthy IVDA and the mean levels for healthy IVDA significantly differ from those of the heterosexual controls. After 2-24 months of follow up three out of four PGL/ARC patients whose serum beta 2-M was greater than 8.0 mg/l developed AIDS.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1987

Marked deciliation and insufficient secretory modification of endometrial surface during treatment with a new progestogen-estrogen combination.

Endometrial modifications induced by SHB 209 AE, a new progestogen-estrogen combination, was investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, in order to demonstrate specific variations of the endometrial surface and if these contribute to the contraceptive effects of the preparation. Endometrial biopsies were performed in 27 volunteers who had taken SHB 209 AE during the preceding 3 months. Endometrial biopsies of 15 normomenstruating volunteers were used as controls. Each fragment was subdivided for scanning and transmission electron microscopy examination. The ciliated cells were always significantly fewer in the various phases of the treatment cycle than in the control endometria although, as in the controls, their number and ratio with nonciliated cells was greater mid-way through the cycle. Ciliogenesis was always notably delayed compared to the normal endometria during the different treatment cycle phases. Secretory modifications appeared prematurely but remained incomplete through the treatment cycle. These modifications caused total and characteristic alterations of the mucosal architecture and cellular maturation that comprised the implantation phase.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Protective effect of sulglycotide on human gastric mucosa exposed to taurocholic acid.

Sulglycotide is a non-systemic drug used in the treatment of peptic ulcer. It seems also to possess cytoprotective action. A double-blind cross-over study on the influence of oral sulglycotide on gastric mucosal cell loss induced by taurocholic acid (20 mM + HCl 7mM in 100 ml normal saline) was carried out in sixteen healthy volunteers by means of the DNA-loss technique. Each subject received either sulglycotide (400 mg thrice daily) or a placebo in random order on the basis of a double-blind cross-over design. Sulglycotide appeared to reduce the gastric cell loss induced by taurocholic acid. These results can explain the therapeutic effect of sulglycotide in peptic disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Histometric analysis of white pulp arterial vessels in congestive splenomegaly.

A quantitative study of white pulp arterial vessels has been carried out in congestive splenomegaly with hypersplenism. Arteries and arterioles with periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) in abnormal spleens show an absolute volume and total length higher than in controls. Moreover, they present a luminal diameter significantly lower than normal. These findings demonstrate an increase of the white pulp arterial bed in congestive splenomegaly. Thus, the arteries with PALS participate in the complex vascular rearrangement which supports the blood hyperflow in congestive splenomegaly.

Hepatitis, Chronic↗
PubMed1984

Red pulp arterial terminals in congestive splenomegaly. A morphometric study.

A quantitative analysis of the red pulp arterial terminals (comprising arterioles = penicilli, arterial capillaries and sheathed capillaries) has been carried out in congestive splenomegaly occurring in active chronic hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis and idiopathic portal hypertension. Comparisons have been made with control spleens surgically removed for accidental trauma. Red pulp volume enlargement appears to be associated with a progressive lengthening of arterial terminals, which present a length density similar to that of normal spleens. Moreover, a different rearrangement of the various components of the arterial tree is present: in particular, the percent and absolute volumes of arterioles and arterial capillaries show a higher increase than those of sheathed capillaries. The present study points out the involvement of arterial terminals in the pathological rearrangement of the red pulp in congestive spleens, so supporting the hypothesis that splenomegaly does not result simply from passive congestion.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Hairy-cell leukemia complicating coeliac disease: report of a case and discussion of possible pathogenetic mechanisms.

10-28% of the patients with chronic coeliac disease develop a second malignancy, such as non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, particularly of the histiocytic type, and adenocarcinomas. The second tumor may arise in the intestinal tract or in other organs. We describe here a patient who developed a tartrate-resistant, acid phosphatase-positive, hairy-cell leukemia after a history of chronic coeliac disease. In the literature, no similar case has been described as yet.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed1983

Histometric analysis of sheathed capillaries in congestive splenomegaly.

The structural rearrangement of human sheathed capillaries in congestive splenomegaly with hypersplenism has been evaluated by histometric analysis. In abnormal spleens the external diameter and the wall thickness were decreased, while the internal diameter was increased. Moreover, the total length and the absolute number of sheathed capillaries were increased, though not to the same high degree as the volume of the whole red pulp. Thus, in addition to the well-known changes of the sinuses, also the terminal arterial passages appear to participate in the morphological rearrangement of the red pulp in congestive splenomegaly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Vascular flow-regulating devices in the human kidney].

Small arterious and venous vessels of the juxtamedullary cortex of normal human kidney present wall formations regulating the blood flow. The arterious devices appear either as sphincterial rings at the origins of collateral branches of interlobular arteries, or as groups of myoepithelioid cells in the wall of small arteries immediately preceding the afferent arterioles. The venular devices consist of circular muscular thickenings repeated along the course of the vessel.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[The presence of arteriovenous anastomoses in the human kidney].

The microscopic observation of serial sections obtained from normal human kidneys allowed to demonstrate the presence of arteriovenous anastomoses in the juxtamedullary cortex. In particular one section is shown which clearly presents an anastomotic channel along with its connections to both an afferent arteriole and a venule.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Changes in the small biliary passages in the hepatic localization of Hodgkin's disease.

The authors have investigated the behaviour of the small biliary passages in the liver biopsies of six patients suffering from untreated Hodgkin's disease with hepatic localization. No obstruction of the major bile ducts was demonstrated in any patient. Three of the patients were anicteric, while the three others presented with jaundice. In the first three cases typical Hodgkin's granulation tissue appears to be limited to portal tracts and collagen reaction is virtually absent. The three cases with cholestasis showed granulomatous tissue associated with heavy connective tissue rearrangement invading and dissociating the lobular structure. They also show a conspicuous bile-duct proliferation, which is not observed in the three anicteric patients. In these latter cases, however, the small bile ducts running within or near the granulomatous tissue present various morphologic changes, including basal membrane thickening, dilation or constriction of the lumen and alterations of the biliary epithelial lining. Complete disappearance of the bile duct may occur.

Adult↗