PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Chaushu

Publications and source records attributed to G Chaushu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The outcome of a preventive dental care programme on the prevalence of localized aggressive periodontitis in Down's syndrome individuals.

BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease in Down's syndrome (DS) individuals develops earlier and is more rapid and extensive than in age-matched normal individuals. The present study evaluated a group of DS patients, who had been participating in a 10-year preventive dental programme, for the impact of the programme on their periodontal status. METHODS: Thirty DS patients (mean age 23.3 +/- 4 years) were compared with 28 age-matched healthy controls (mean age 22.8 +/- 5 years). The hygiene level, gingival condition and periodontal status (periodontal probing depth, clinical attachment level and radiographic alveolar bone loss) were determined. RESULTS: In spite of similar oral hygiene and gingival measures, DS patients, as opposed to the control ones, had a severe periodontal disease. The prevalence, extent and severity of periodontitis in the DS group were significantly greater than in the control group. The teeth most commonly and severely affected were the lower central incisors and the upper first molars. DS patients lost significantly more teeth due to periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical and radiographic picture found in the present DS group is characteristic of localized aggressive periodontitis. Within the limitations of this study, it seems that the preventive dental programme had no effect on periodontal destruction progression of localized aggressive periodontitis in DS individuals and that impaired oral hygiene plays a relatively minor role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Future controlled studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of different preventive dental programmes in preventing the progression of periodontitis in DS patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Salivary LL-37 secretion in individuals with Down syndrome is normal.

Antimicrobial peptides play an important role in the innate immune response. Deficiency in salivary LL-37 antimicrobial peptide has been implicated in periodontitis in patients with morbus Kostman syndrome. Down syndrome is associated with periodontitis, diminished salivary flow, and salivary immunoglobulin deficiency. In the present study, levels of LL-37 and its hCAP18 precursor were measured in saliva samples from young individuals with Down syndrome and compared with levels in those from age-matched healthy controls. LL-37 and human cathelicidin antimicrobial protein (hCAP18) were detected in whole but not in parotid saliva. hCAP18 was more abundant than LL-37. The concentrations of salivary hCAP18 and LL-37 were found to be higher in individuals with Down syndrome than in healthy controls, but their secretion rates were similar. We concluded that, while the adaptive immunity of individuals with Down syndrome is impaired at the oral mucosa, the secretion rate of the LL-37 component of the innate immune system is normal.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Orthodontic anchorage in the era of osseointegration].

The introduction of the concept of osseointegration had a profound impact on dentistry of the 20th century. The idea of using this concept in orthodontics already started in the late 70th. There demand for achieving optimal esthetic results in a minimal treatment time, and the significant increase in the number of adult orthodontic patients, made osseointegration an essential adjunct to orthodontic therapy. The use of osseintegrated anchorage devices helps the clinician to overcome one of the most limiting aspects of orthodontic therapy--inadequate anchorage. In the last years a large variety of osseointegrated anchorage devices have been developed and introduced in orthodontics. The purpose of the present article is to present several cases that illustrate how to solve anchorage problems by the using the principles of osseointegration and mechanical retention. The selection of the most appropriate anchorage device for each specific case will be emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The clinical effectiveness of 6 mm diameter implants.

BACKGROUND: Five- and 6 mm diameter screw-type endosseous implants have been used for the last decade. While some studies have reported very promising results (94% to 98% success rate), others have demonstrated survival rates below those clinically acceptable (75% to 87%). Moreover, such implants have been associated with increased cervical bone resorption and thread exposure. METHODS: Between June 1999 and July 2003, 43 patients received treatment with 6 mm diameter tapered hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated implants. A total of 45 implants were placed. All patients were recalled annually after implant exposure. One patient was lost to follow-up after 1 year. Forty-four implants were evaluated at the recall examinations. All implants supported a fixed prosthesis; in the majority of patients (35 implants), it was a single-tooth fixed prosthesis. The mean loading time was 23.4 months (range, 1 to 54 months). RESULTS: No implants were lost during the loading period. The overall survival rate was 100%. Crestal bone remodeling was examined using periapical radiographs. After a mean of 23.4 months in function, only one implant presented bone loss beyond the first thread. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that high survival rates can be obtained after prosthetic treatment with 6 mm-wide tapered HA-coated implants. Long-term prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Patients' perceptions of recovery after surgical exposure of impacted maxillary teeth treated with an open-eruption surgical-orthodontic technique.

This study assessed patient perceptions of immediate post-operative recovery after the surgical exposure of impacted maxillary teeth with an open-eruption technique. Thirty patients (24 females and six males) underwent surgical exposure of 39 impacted maxillary teeth using this technique. After surgery the patients were contacted by telephone daily for 7 days, to complete a health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaire, which assessed their perception of recovery in four main areas: pain, oral function, general activity, and other symptoms. Severe pain was reported by 30 per cent of the patients in the first post-operative day (POD 1), which declined to 6.7 per cent by POD 6. Consumption of analgesics declined gradually over the post-operative days (POD 1: 80 per cent, POD 7: 20 per cent). Difficulty in eating required 5 days to reach minimal levels; enjoying everyday food, 2.5 days; school attendance, limitations in daily routine, swallowing, and speech, 2 days each; swelling, bad taste/smell, 1.5 days each; within 1 day all other measures attained minimal levels. The need for bone removal during the exposure resulted in delayed recovery with regard to the ability to eat. In general, females reported delayed recovery for pain. The present data may serve as basic guidelines against which future studies which assess post-operative management of patients after surgical exposure of impacted teeth by an open-eruption technique may be compared.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Parotid salivary immunoglobulins, recurrent respiratory tract infections and gingival health in institutionalized and non-institutionalized subjects with Down's syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the possible correlation between recurrent respiratory infections (RRIs), gingival health and the secretion rates of salivary immunoglobulins (Igs) in institutionalized (I) and non-institutionalized (NI) individuals with Down's syndrome (DS). METHODS: Stimulated parotid saliva was collected from nine I and 14 NI subjects with DS. Salivary flow rate, secretion rates of total salivary IgM, IgG and IgA, and the incidence of RRIs were determined. Gingival health was recorded by using the plaque index, the gingival index and the percentage of bleeding surfaces (BS). RESULTS: The mean salivary flow rate and parotid Ig secretion rates in the I group were 25% of those of the NI group. The prevalence of RRIs in the I group was more than twice that in the NI group. Oral hygiene and gingival health were significantly better in the NI group. CONCLUSIONS: The lower parotid Ig secretion rates in I individuals with DS might be a possible factor involved in their susceptibility to recurrent infections compared to NI subjects with DS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[The use of autogenous block graft for augmentation of the atrophic alveolar ridge].

The use of osseointegrated implants has become a standard treatment option in modern dental rehabilitation. Adequate bone quantity and quality is a prerequisite for good esthetic and biomechanical result. Alveolar ridge defects can be the result of trauma, periodontal diseases or other pathologic conditions. In these cases, alveolar ridge augmentation is needed if endosseous implants are to be used. While xenografts, alloplastic bone grafts and allografts have been proposed for alveolar ridge augmentation, the use of autogenous bone grafts represents the "gold standard" for bone augmentation procedures. Either intraoral or extraoral sites may be considered for donor sites. Although the iliac crest is the most common donor site in maxillofacial reconstruction, the mandibular symphysis or ramus offer important advantages like avoidance of general anesthesia, convenience due to the proximity between the donor site and the augmentation site and avoidance of cutaneous scar. Bone harvested from intraoral donor site is less associated with resorption when compared with iliac bone because membranous grafts revascularize more quickly than endocondral bone grafts. The main disadvantage of the intraoral donor sites is the limited amount of available bone. Alveolar ridge augmentation using autologous bone block, can be done during implant placement or staged with implant placement, after bone graft healing. In the staged technique, a better implant positioning and the use of wide diameter implants are possible. The overall implant success is higher in the staged technique. Alveolar ridge augmentation using autogenous block graft is a predictable way of treatment, for the atrophic alveolar ridge before implant placement.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed2002

A link between parotid salivary Ig level and recurrent respiratory infections in young Down's syndrome patients.

The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the correlation between recurrent respiratory infections and the levels of salivary Ig in a group of young Down's syndrome (DS) individuals. Twenty-three DS and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were included. DS individuals who had experienced three or more upper respiratory tract infections (n = 10) in the previous 12 months were compared to DS individuals who had not experienced recurrent respiratory infections (n = 13) and to healthy controls (n = 10). A statistically significant reduction in the Ig salivary secretion rate was recorded in the subgroup with recurrent respiratory infections. No significant differences were seen between the subgroup without recurrent respiratory infections and controls. It is suggested that the secretory immune system provides local immune protection against pathogens in the respiratory tract. Detection of salivary Ig levels may serve as a predictor of the susceptibility of DS individuals to recurrent respiratory tract infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Severe impairment of secretory Ig production in parotid saliva of Down Syndrome individuals.

Infections associated with Down Syndrome (DS) are prevalent in the mucosal-gastrointestinal and respiratory systems, for reasons that are uncertain. The purpose of the present study was to assess the levels of parotid salivary immunoglobulins (Ig) in a group of DS individuals as a possible factor in the susceptibility of mucosal surfaces to infections. Twenty-nine DS and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were included. Salivary flow rate and IgA, IgG, and IgM concentrations were recorded. The secretion rates of IgA and IgG were diminished by 83% (p < 0.001) and 75% (p = 0.05), respectively, whereas the secretion rate of IgM was not statistically significantly lower. Analysis of the data suggests that DS individuals are immunodeficient in the humoral mucosal immune response. This may explain, in part, the high incidence of recurrent infections in target organs of the secretory immune system in DS subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

On the association between hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease and severe periodontal disease.

BACKGROUND: Premature death in men is known to be significantly associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). More and more studies are pointing toward a possible association between periodontal disease and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The association of poor oral hygiene and atherosclerosis can be explained by the effect of chronic inflammatory disease on blood rheology. The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between CHD and periodontal disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study population included 1094 Israeli army service men aged 26-53 years (mean: 39+/-5 years). The study group comprised 151 subjects classified as having coronary heart disease CHD, i.e., myocardial infarction, and or anginal syndrome with angiographic evidence of significant coronary disease, or suffer from atherosclerotic risk factors, i.e., diabetes (fasting glucose) and HTN according to strict, well-established criteria. Blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides were also determined. The severity of periodontal disease was assessed by the aid of CPITN. The control group comprised 943 healthy subjects. Statistical analysis was performed with chi2 test. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed a significant association of CPITN score 4 with hypercholesterolemia and a possible association with CHD. CONCLUSIONS: The generation of higher cholesterol blood levels is proposed as a possible link between chronic periodontal inflammation and atherosclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Recurrent oral ulcerations associated with recurrent herpes labialis--two distinct entities?

We investigated the prevalence of recurrent aphthous ulcerations (RAU) and recurrent herpes labialis (RHL) in a young adult population. The study group consisted of 20,689 soldiers (aged 18-21 years, mean 19.8 +/- 1 years). There were 14,991 men and 5,698 women. Every patient was asked to complete a self-report health questionnaire which requested information about the occurrence of either RAU or RHL. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, and the odds ratio was also determined. The prevalence of RAU and RHL was 6.2% and 5.4%, respectively. The prevalence among women was significantly higher (P<0.001), than among men for both RAU (7.1% and 5.8%, respectively) and RHL (6.8% and 4.9%, respectively). Among women, the chance of having RAU for those who were RHL positive was 6.88 greater than for those RHL negative. Among men, the chance of having RAU for those who were RHL positive was 12.37 greater than for those RHL negative. In women, the chance of having RHL for those who were RAU positive was 6.88 greater than for those who were RAU negative. In men, the chance of having RHL for those who were RAU positive was 12.37 greater than for those who were RAU negative. It is concluded that a similar underlying pathological process or unknown cofactor may be involved in both RAU and RHL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The effect of precise reattachment of the mentalis muscle on the soft tissue response to genioplasty.

PURPOSE: This study compares vertical and horizontal profile changes of the lower lip and chin after genioplasty with or without precise reattachment of the mentalis muscle. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ten patients in whom the mentalis muscle was isolated, identified, marked, and precisely reapproximated comprised the study group. Eleven patients treated without precise reattachment of the mentalis comprised the control group. Preoperative (3 to 6 days before the surgery) and postoperative (6 months after surgery) lateral cephalograms were analyzed to assess the horizontal and vertical soft tissue changes of the lower lip and chin area. RESULTS: All the significant changes in the present study were noted in the vertical parameters. In most of the study group, the length of the lower lip was either maintained or increased. In the control group, the lower lip length was either preserved or decreased. The mean vertical difference between the 2 groups was nearly 6 mm. Consequently, the study group displayed the same or less of the lower incisors postsurgery compared with the original presurgery exposure in the rest position. The opposite was true for the control group, in which the exposure of the lower incisor crowns at rest increased. Similar changes were noticed in the distance from the vermilion to the reference plane. The vertical position of the soft tissue supramentale remained unchanged in the study group, whereas in the control group the soft tissue supramentale was located in an inferior position (mean = 2.14 mm). The clinical expression of this phenomena is chin ptosis. CONCLUSIONS: Precise reattachment of the mentalis muscle during an intraoral surgical approach produces a superior result.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Salivary flow dynamics after parotid surgery: a preliminary report.

BACKGROUND: Tumors in the parotid gland may affect salivary flow. The effects of tumor on glandular function and postoperative changes in both resected gland and contralateral gland were not formerly reported. We prospectively evaluated salivary flow rates and composition in patients undergoing parotidectomy preoperatively and postoperatively. METHOD: Stimulated parotid saliva from 17 patients undergoing parotidectomy was collected bilaterally preoperatively and postoperatively by using a parotid cup. Subjective complaints were recorded. Salivary flow rates, sodium, potassium, and amylase levels were evaluated. RESULTS: None of the patients complained of "dry mouth" before or after surgery. Analysis of the individual results revealed 3 patterns of preoperative and postoperative response, compatible with either a preoperative or postoperative compensatory mechanism in the contralateral gland. The postoperative decrease in flow rate corresponds with the amount of gland removed. Salivary electrolyte composition was unchanged. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to demonstrate the effects of parotid tumors and their surgery on salivary flow and a compensatory response and its different patterns in human parotid glands after their excision.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Stafne's bone cavity in the anterior mandible: a possible diagnostic challenge.

Stafne was the first to report the presence of "bone cavities" in the angle of 35 mandibles. Such cavities generally appear in the area between the mandibular first molar and the mandibular angle, and are not considered rare. One of their primary radiological diagnostic features is the characteristic location below the mandibular canal. Stafne's bone cavity is relatively rare in the anterior mandible. The mandibular canal is not present in the anterior mandible. As a result, diagnosis in the anterior mandible may be missed. Needless treatment modalities such as endodontic treatment, bone trephining, and bone exploration may be conducted. The purpose of the present report is to describe a new case of Stafne's bone cavity in the anterior mandible and discuss the differential diagnosis process. The dental computerized tomography scan is suggested as the most suitable noninvasive diagnostic and follow-up modality for this bony configuration in the anterior mandible.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2000

Salivary flow and its relation with oral symptoms in terminally ill patients.

BACKGROUND: Patients with terminal malignant disease commonly report hyposalivation or xerostomia. This leads to "dry mouth," fungal infection, and mucosal abnormalities. To the authors' knowledge oral symptomatology and findings have not been correlated previously with accurate salivary flow measurements. METHODS: Measurement of stimulated parotid salivary flow rate and clinical recording of oral symptoms within 24 hours from the time of hospital admission were obtained in 48 terminally ill cancer patients. Subjective reporting of symptoms by patients, parotid salivary flow rate, clinical recording of dental status, presence of candidiasis, angular cheilitis, and dryness of the floor of the mouth were obtained. RESULTS: A clinical diagnosis of oral candidiasis was made tentatively in 94% of patients, and 50% of the patients were found to have angular cheilitis. Thirty-one of 45 evaluable patients (68%) reported a sensation of oral dryness. Sixteen of the 48 patients (33%) had no saliva at the floor of the mouth. Analysis of individual salivary flow rates was stratified into 3 levels of secretion: 0, < 0.2, and > or= 0.2 mL/minute. Symptoms were found to correlate with salivary flow rates. CONCLUSIONS: In the current study, symptoms were found to be most severe in the patients with xerostomia followed by those patients with hyposalivation. Treatment should be directed individually to each group of patients using either salivary substitutes or stimulants. The rate of incidence of oral pathologic findings may be higher than formerly recognized.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Anatomic and radiologic course of the mandibular incisive canal.

The purpose of this article was to define the anatomic and radiographic courses of the incisive mandibular canal and discuss its clinical significance. The study group comprised of 46 hemimandibles fixed in formalin. After radiographic examination, the buccal cortical plate of the mandible was removed leaving the bony frame of the incisive bundle intact. The morphology of the bony walls of the canal was evaluated, as having complete, partial, or no cortical walls. The course of the intraosseous pathway of the canal and its diameter in four different locations were recorded. An incisive bundle was anatomically found in all hemimandibles, travelling within a canal with complete (n = 10), partial (n = 27), or no (n = 9) bony cortical borders. The diameter of the canal ranged from 0.48 mm to 2.9 mm. Radiographically, the canal was either well defined (n = 11, 24%), poorly defined (n = 15, 32%), or undetectable (n = 20, 44%). A statistically significant correlation was found between the anatomic structure of the incisive canal bony borders and its radiographic detectability (p = 0.043). No correlation was found between the anatomic and radiological width of the incisive canal diameter. An incisive canal with a large diameter could have an important role in successful osteointegration and prevention of postoperative sensory disturbances. According to the present study, the ability to interpret the incisive canal from conventional radiographs is limited. Therefore, it is recommended to use conventional tomographs or computerised tomographic dental scans for better imaging of the intermental foraminal area.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Risk factors contributing to symptomatic plate removal in maxillofacial trauma patients.

This study analyzed the fate of plates used to correct maxillofacial injuries and defined risk factors that eventually resulted in plate removal. The outpatient clinic files of 108 patients treated with rigid internal fixation after maxillofacial trauma were reviewed. Study variables included age, sex, trauma circumstances, diagnosis, type of fracture, approach to the facial skeleton, presence of teeth in the line of fracture, plate material, site of plates, and reasons for plate removal. Of 204 plates used for fixation, 44 plates (22 percent) were removed. When all factors were considered together, only fracture diagnosis (mandibular body and angle) and plate location (mandibular body and angle) were statistically significant. Only when each factor was considered separately, the approach to the facial skeleton (intraoral) and the type of fracture (comminuted and compound fractures) were statistically associated with plate removal. Selection of favorable plate location, the extraoral approach, and vigilant infection control may reduce plate removal in patients with maxillofacial injuries. Special attention should be given to compound and comminuted fractures of the mandibular body and angle.

Adolescent↗