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Biomedical subjects

G Clémençon

Publications and source records attributed to G Clémençon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Lysolecithin and stress ulcers in rats].

The effect of lysolecithin on gastric mucosa in rats has been investigated using a new operative model. Ten rats underwent sham-laparotomy. In 4 other groups, each of 10 animals, the rats underwent pyloro-jejunostomy and Roux-en-Y anastomosis. 9 of 10 rats operated upon in this way, and given a solution of lysolecithin to drink before administration of restraint stress, produced stress ulcers. However, only 3 of 10 animals given Ringer-solution produced minor mucosal defects. Lysolecithin not combined with stress had no noteworthy deleterious effect on gastric mucosa either in sham-operated rats or in those with our operation model. Thus, lysolecithin combined with stress in our model performed an important function in the pathogenesis of stress lesions. Lysolecithin is produced in considerable quantities during fat metabolism in the intestine, and may be regurgitated together with duodenal contents into the stomach.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Experimental microsurgical model in rats preventing duodenogastric reflux. A preliminary report.

For the purpose of studying the significance of the bile and duodenal reflux into the stomach in rats we present an experimental animal model which--in contrast to the procedures reported until now--can exactly be reproduced due to the advantage of microsurgical techniques, thus reducing the operative trauma and accidental results during experimentation. The surgical procedure consists of a pylorojejunostomy with a Roux-en-y loop. This experimental model offers the possibility to discern a great deal of the problems and conditions which may be responsible in the adverse effect of bile and/or duodenal juice on the gastric mucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Hemolysis-inducing substances in gastric secretion, incidence-rate of lysolecithin].

Samples of gastric contents from 152 patients with pyloric reflex were taken during gastroscopy after an overnight fast and examined for hemolytic activity. Hemolysis was induced by 97 specimens (64%). The hemolysis test was positive in 45% of patients with a histologically normal gastric mucosa, in 76% of patients suffering from chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia, in 83% with gastric erosions and in 67% with gastric ulcer. No lysolecithin was found in 9 of the 97 positive specimens. The other aspirates contained widely differing values up to 320 mg/100 ml. The average quantities of lysolecithin in gastric contents varied in the different patient groups from 20 to 60 mg/100 ml. These values are much higher than the mean value of 0.9 mg/100 ml quantified in patients without pyloric reflex during an earlier investigation. It is now widely accepted that pyloric reflex promotes gastritis. Furthermore, it has been shown on several occasions that bile constituents exert a damaging effect on the gastric mucosa barrier. The same is true of lysolecithin, which promotes (for example) acute cholecystitis under experimental conditions. These findings, together with the results of our investigation, seem to afford evidence that lysolecithins may exert a pathogenic influence in the development of different gastric lesions.

Female↗
PubMed1977

[Endoscopic and histological changes at the Z-line (author's transl)].

The Z-line, the transitional zone from oesophageal to gastric mucosa, is a clearly defined point of reference. Selective forceps biopsies were obtained from the Z-line, just below it from the cardia and 1-3 cm above it from the oesophagus, in 79 patients with an age average of 47 1/2 years. A comparison was made between endoscopic and histological findings, on the one hand, and symptoms on the other. Moderately severe inflammatory changes correlated positively with only minor endoscopic changes of the Z-line: patients of this group had significantly more symptoms of reflux than those with a normal line. Exact endoscopy, complemented by histological examination, can discover reflux oesphagitis in its early stages, although endoscopically and histologically the delineation from normal is difficult.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1976

[Carcinoma after gastric operations (author's transl)].

The incidence of carcinoma after gastric operations for benign lesions was analysed in the patient material of five gastroenterologists in private practice in Switzerland. Of 534 such patients 346 had had a gastric resection with gastrojejunostomy (Billroth II), 58 with gastroduodenostomy (Billroth I), and 130 other kinds of gastric operations. Among 326 patients who had a Billroth II procedure there were 21 with proven carcinoma in the residual stomach, but none after Billroth I and other operations. The incidence after Billroth II was 15.1% at or after ten years. Of 69 patients 10-19 years after gastric resection, six had developed carcinoma, compared with 15 of 70 who were 20 years or more after the resection. The incidence is unexpectedly high. On the other hand, among 29361 non-operated patients there were 279 with carcinoma of the stomach. The average interval between operation and the diagnosis of carcinoma in the residual stomach was 23.8 years. It is recommended that gastric resection should if possible be avoided for benign disease. All patients who have had a gastric resection should be endoscopically controlled annually from ten years after the resection onwards.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Isolation, identification and quantitative determination of lysolecithin in the human gastric juice].

Lysolecithin was isolated and identified from the gastric contents of 5 patients with gastric ulcer and erosive and atrophic gastritis. The methods used involved methanolic extration, column chromatography on silica gel and sephadex gel filtration, followed by preparative thin layer chromatography. Identification of lysolecithin was verified in one sample by thin layer chromatography and elementary analysis. A method for quantitation of lysolecithin in human gastric fluid for routine clinical analysis is described, based on the procedure used for identification of this phospholipid. Further, a hemolysis test is proposed for screening gastric contents for lysolecithin concentrations above approximately 10 mg/100 ml. With the quantitative method, an average concentration of 66.1 mg of lysolecithin in 100 ml gastric content was found in the group of 5 patients. The screening test was positive in all 5 samples, but was negative with native gastric juice in 25 persons serving as controls. When the gastric fluid of the controls was concentrated, however, 9 samples gave a positive hemolytic reaction. From these 9 specimens, the lysolecithin concentration was found to average 0.9 mg/100 ml. These findings afford evidence that lysolecithin may be involved as a factor in the pathogenesis of gastric ulceration.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗