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Biomedical subjects

G Connolly

Publications and source records attributed to G Connolly.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The association between parental smoking and the diet quality of low-income children.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between parental smoking and the diet quality of children residing in low-income housholds in the United States. MTHODS: Data from 515 low-income children (less than or equal to 185% of the poverty line), ages 2 to 17, who participated in the 1989 and 1990 United States Department of Agriculture Continuing Survey of Food Intakes of Individuals were examined. Diet quality was assessed by examining the average daily amount of nutrients consumed per 1000 kcal for protein, fiber, and 14 essential vitamins and minerals as well as total energy, percent of energy from total fat and saturated fat, and cholesterol and sodium intakes using the 3-day average of one 24-hour recall and 2 days of diet records. Parental smoking was categorized as four levels (nonsmoker; 1 to 10, 11 to 20, and more than 20) on the basis of the average number of cigarettes smoked per day by the sample child's parents. Analysis of covariance examined differences in the children's nutrient intake among the four smoking categories while controling for race, mother's age and occupation, child age, and sex. RESULTS: Low-income children with parents who smoked (n = 235) were more likely to be white (P <.001), had younger mothers (P <.05) and were more likely to have mothers employed in blue-collar occupations (P <.001) than children whose parents were nonsmokers (N = 280). Children whose parents smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day had a higher level of energy from saturated fat, and children whose parents smoked 11 to 20 cigarettes per day had the highest cholesterol intakes in comparison with the rest of the sample. Parental smoking was also related to total fiber intake per 1000 kcal, with children of smokers having lower fiber intakes than children of nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS: On average, low-income children of smokers had a poorer diet quality than low-income children of nonsmokers, thus increasing their future risk of chronic disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A longitudinal study of New Zealand children's experience with alcohol.

A longitudinal study assessed the use of alcohol and related measures among New Zealand children aged 9, 11, 13 and 15 years. The proportion of children who were abstainers was at a similar level to the adult population by age 15 years. Those remaining abstainers were more likely to have infrequently drinking parents and to have been warned of the bad effects of alcohol by their parents. In terms of amount consumed and frequency of drinking, there was an increase with age and a marked increase between the ages of 13 and 15 years. Frequency of drinking was positively associated with the frequency of drinking by the mother and father. Girls drank less than boys until the age of 15 years, when they drank slightly more and a difference in terms of socio-economic status (SES) emerged at age 15 years with lower SES groups drinking more.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1987

Derivatives of dicyclopentadiene in ground water.

Dicyclopentadiene, a waste product of manufacturing at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal near Denver Colorado, has been detected in ground water at this facility. Ground water extracts were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to determine if derivatives of dicyclopentadiene were present in addition to dicyclopentadiene and other chemical wastes. The derivatives thus identified were characterized by GC high resolution MS, deuterium exchange for active hydrogen in the chemical ionization source of the mass spectrometer, and GC/MS following on-column base catalyzed deuteration of enolizable hydrogen. Two ketone derivatives of dicyclopentadiene were identified by comparison with synthetic standards. Ground water derivatives of dicyclopentadiene were compared with mammalian enzymatic metabolites produced in vitro by incubation with immobilized rabbit liver cytochromes P-450. The metabolites were analysed by GC/MS and by GC/MS following derivatization and deuterium labelling. Although not found in ground water samples, the two metabolites were identified as monoepoxides of dicyclopentadiene by comparison with compounds synthesized in the laboratory.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The reversibility of leukoplakia caused by smokeless tobacco.

This case describes an instance of reversibility of bilateral mucosal leukoplakic lesions caused by the long-term use of smokeless tobacco. The dentist should recognize the lesion, advise the patient to stop the tobacco usage, observe the reversibility of the lesion, and assist the patient in stopping the tobacco habit permanently.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Biological effects of the Sudan dyes. Role of the Ah cytosolic receptor.

The hepatic induction of two cytochrome P1-450-mediated activities [aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (ETR)] was studied following the administration of the azo dyes Sudan I, II, III, and IV. When using Ah-responsive C57BL/6J mice, Sudan dye II proved to be quite potent as an inducer causing almost maximal induction at doses as low as 40 mg/kg (1.4 mumoles/kg body weight); Sudan dyes I, III and IV caused one-half the maximal induction at four times that dose. In contrast, none of these compounds caused induction of AHH or ETR in the Ah-nonresponsive DBA/2J animals. When the dyes were given to B6D2F1 X D2 backcross progeny, a strict correlation with the presence of the Ahb allele and the inducibility of AHH and ETR was observed. When these compounds were examined as agonists for the Ah cytosolic receptor by their capacity to replace [3H]2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin binding, Sudan dye II was substantially more effective than Sudan dyes I, III and IV. When four repeated doses of Sudan dye II were administered intraperitoneally to Ah-responsive C57BL/6J mice and Ah-nonresponsive DBA/2J mice, Sudan dye II-induced immunotoxicity was markedly greater in C57BL/6J compared to DBA/2J mice.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gynaecological audit in a general hospital setting.

In contrast to the long tradition of audit in Obstetrics in Dublin audit in Gynaecology is a new concept. Analysis of data collected during the years 1991-1993 is presented. This has addressed the number and type of patients seen in the Gynaecology Unit, procedures performed and complications ensuing. The figures presented are similar to Gynaecology Units in Britain. Deficiencies, such as auditing for outpatient and inpatient waiting lists have been highlighted. These issues are currently being addressed.

Emergency Service, Hospital↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pregnancy in Irish renal transplant recipients in the cyclosporine era.

BACKGROUND: The effect of renal transplantation on pregnancy in Irish women not receiving CyA has been reported previously. AIM: To examine all pregnancies occurring in Irish female renal transplant recipients since the introduction of CyA. METHODS: Using a community based approach, we identified 29 pregnancies in 19 women, aged between 16 and 45, mean age 30.3 years. RESULTS: These pregnancies ended in four miscarriages (13%), two intra-uterine deaths (6.9%) and 23 live births (79.3%). Of these live births, 73.9% were premature (< or = 36 weeks) and 65.2% were of low birth weight (< 2500 g). Admission to the neonatal intensive care was necessary in 61%, and two babies (8.7%) died in the neonatal period. Mean gestational age was 34 weeks, and mean birth weight was 2190 g. There was no change in graft function during pregnancy, with a small rise in serum creatinine post-partum (+9.64 mumol/L). The renal graft failed in three women (15.8%) by the end of the follow-up period. Compared with the precyclosporine era, the live birth rate was higher (79.3% versus 58%) with a trend towards lower birth weight and shorter gestation. CONCLUSION: Renal transplantation with CyA use is not a contraindication to pregnancy, but it is associated with increased risk, especially when the serum creatinine is > 175 mumol/L.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stage- and CA125-related survival in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer treated at a cancer center.

Current accepted prognostic indicators in ovarian cancer include performance status, surgical (FIGO) staging, and residual disease after operation. Here we present data from a prospective analysis of patients with ovarian cancer treated at the Christie Hospital. We confirm the independent prognostic effects of FIGO staging, performance status, and residual disease in our group of patients and furthermore show that CA125 levels at presentation to the oncology service are of independent prognostic significance (P= 0.02). We present survival data and show that the 3-year, cancer-specific survival for stage I disease is 90%. We postulate that this good survival may in part be due to the use of computed tomography scanning at presentation to allow accurate staging. Further clinical trials are needed to test whether combinations of surgical, histologic, biochemical, and radiologic parameters can be used to identify a population with such a good prognosis that adjuvant therapy is not required.

Adenocarcinoma↗