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Biomedical subjects

G Consoli

Publications and source records attributed to G Consoli.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Malignant infantile osteopetrosis: dental effects in paediatric patients. Case reports.

AIM: Malignant Infantile Osteopetrosis is a hereditary pathology caused due to osteoclastic cells which are incapable of carrying out their functions and hence do not resorb osseous tissue where required. Thus the consequence is that during growth phase, the medullary cavities and nervous tissue cavities do not undergo sufficient growth and the corresponding organs do not develop adequately. The aim of this study is to outline the role of the pediatric dentist who has to carry out protocols of primary, secondary, tertiary prevention intervening at many levels. Clinical features and dental effects are described. Two case reports are presented in this study. CONCLUSION: Oral problems of osteopetrosis are delayed tooth eruption, absence of some teeth, malformed teeth, enamel hypoplasia, disturbed dentinogenesis, hypomineralisation of enamel and dentin, propensity for tooth decay, defects of the periodontal membrane, thickened lamina dura, mandibular protrusion, and the presence of odontomas. Tooth removal should be limited as it may induce bone fractures and osteomyelitis. The role of the pediatric dentist is defined.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1995

Primary biliary cirrhosis induced by interferon-alpha therapy for hepatitis C virus infection.

Interferon-alpha is known to exacerbate and in some cases induce a variety of autoimmune disorders. In this report we describe the onset of primary biliary cirrhosis in a 55-year-old woman without evidence of preexisting autoimmune diseases receiving recombinant interferon-alpha 2a for chronic active hepatitis C. Shortly after discontinuing interferon therapy, alkaline phosphatase levels started to rise up to three times the normal range. Anti-mitochondrial antibodies were found to be positive at a high titer, and liver biopsy showed a picture of chronic active hepatitis along with primary biliary cirrhosis features (overlap syndrome). Primary biliary cirrhosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis in any patient treated with interferon-alpha with unexplained elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1995

[The analgesic effect of galactosaminoglycuronoglycan in the treatment of osteoarthrosis].

The analgesic effect of galactosamineglucuronoglycan sulfate (GGG) was evaluated in a series of patients with moderate to severe coxarthrosis and gonarthrosis. GGG was used at the daily dose of 800 mg, in conjunction with indomethacin, for a period of 6 months. In compliance with this controlled study the results obtained were compared with those observed in another group of patients with similar pathologies who were treated with indomethacin alone. Statistical elaboration of the values "between times" and "between treatments" showed that the combined treatment led to significantly better results; tolerance was good and compliance by the patients satisfactory.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Clarithromycin in the treatment of oral infections].

The authors show the results of a clinical study to test the efficacy and the tolerance of clarithromycin when used in the treatment of odontological infections. Forty-one subjects were selected for the study. All the subjects were affected by odontological infections and needed antibiotic therapy. The results obtained are satisfactory and demonstrate the effectiveness of the use of clarithromycin in the treatment of odontological infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Fast-dissolving sublingual tablets of piroxicam versus naproxen in the treatment of recurrent acute osteoarthrosis. Multicenter clinical trial].

An open comparative study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of piroxicam FDDF, for sublingual administration, versus naproxen in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Sixty-one patients with acute-phase osteoarthritis involving various joints are reported. They were treated with 20 mg/day piroxicam FDDF or with 1000 mg/day naproxen for a total of 4 weeks. Drug efficacy was evaluated on the base of the variation of spontaneous pain, pain on motion, functional limitation and capacity to perform a specific activity. The intensity of spontaneous pain on the first day showed a statistically significant improvement with both drugs, but the onset of analgesia was only after 15 minutes with piroxicam and after 1 hour with naproxen. The improvement in pain intensity increased on the first day and until the 7th day with both drugs, but the comparative analysis between the analgesic efficacy of the two treatments proved to be favourable to piroxicam. On the 7th day, pain on motion and the capacity to perform a specific activity showed a statistically significant improvement with both drugs, but the comparative analysis between the two treatments proved to be favourable to piroxicam. The two drugs showed the same efficacy in functional restriction. The local and systemic tolerability of piroxicam was good. Only 5 patients experienced 6 systemic side-effects, and 1 patients showed local side-effects, but 11 patients of the naproxen group showed 12 systemic side-effects. Thus piroxicam showed a better analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy than naproxen. Piroxicam proved to have a better systemic tolerability than naproxen. The local tolerability of piroxicam FDDF was good.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Metformin for obese, insulin-treated diabetic patients: improvement in glycaemic control and reduction of metabolic risk factors.

The efficacy and safety of metformin in the treatment of obese, non-insulin-dependent, diabetic subjects poorly controlled by insulin after secondary failure to respond to sulphonylureas has been investigated. Fifty insulin-treated, obese diabetics participated in this prospective, randomised double-blind six-month trial. After a four-week run-in period, during which all patients were given placebo (single-blind), patients were randomly assigned to continue to receive placebo or to active treatment with metformin. At six months, there was a relevant and significant improvement in glycaemic control in diabetics receiving the combined insulin-metformin treatment (decrease in glucose -4.1 mmol.l-1; glycosylated haemoglobin A1 decrease -1.84%). No significant changes were seen in diabetics receiving insulin and placebo. There was a significant decrease in blood lipids (trygliceride and cholesterol), an increase in HDL-cholesterol and a reduction in blood pressure in diabetics taking metformin. These positive findings were most marked in the 14 diabetics who experienced a good response to metformin (glucose profile < 10 mmol.l-1), and were less marked but still significant in the remaining 13 diabetics, whose response to therapy was not so good (glucose profile > 10 mmol.l-1). The fasting insulin level was significantly lower after six months of combined insulin-metformin treatment as shown by a 25% reduction in the daily dose of insulin (-21.6 U/day). Metformin was well tolerated by all diabetics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1993

[HIV-induced clinical conditions: rheumatic conditions].

Many retroviruses have been shown to be involved in the etiology of rheumatic diseases both in animal models and in humans. In particular, HIV infection has been correlated to a greater incidence of Reiter syndrome, psoriatic arthritis, sicca syndrome and other seronegative polyarthritides. Aim of this paper is to discuss clinical findings, diagnostic strategies and therapy of these diseases. We will describe how the profound abnormalities in the immune system brought about by the HIV infection can induce the development of reactive arthritides, inhibit the clinical expression of rheumatoid arthritis and affect the clinical presentation of SLE.

Arthritis, Psoriatic↗
PubMed1990

Hydroxychloroquine in decompensated, treatment-refractory noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A new job for an old drug?

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness and safety of hydroxychloroquine in patients with decompensated, treatment-refractory noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, placebo, double-blind 6-month trial. PATIENTS: Thirty-eight patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes resistant to commonly used therapies (oral drugs, insulin, combination of insulin and oral drugs). INTERVENTIONS: Two study groups: one received insulin (n = 22) and the other, glibenclamide (n = 16). In each group, half of the patients were randomly allocated into two subgroups who continued the previous treatment but took either placebo tablets or hydroxychloroquine, 200 mg three times a day. The four subgroups were as follows: insulin and placebo (n = 11); insulin and hydroxychloroquine (n = 11); glibenclamide and placebo (n = 8); and glibenclamide and hydroxychloroquine (n = 8). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: At 6 months, relevant and statistically significant improvement occurred in the 11 patients who received the insulin and hydroxychloroquine (glucose profile decrease, -11.7 mmol/L; 95% CI, -13.9 to -9.5, P = 0.001; glycated hemoglobin A1c decrease, -3.3%; 95% CI, -3.9 to -2.7, P = 0.001). No significant changes were seen in patients on placebo. The daily insulin dose in patients treated with the combined insulin and hydroxychloroquine therapy had to be reduced an average of 30%. No important side effects were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Combining antidiabetic therapy with hydroxychloroquine in decompensated, treatment-refractory patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes may help to break the vicious circle of hyperglycemia and lead to better management of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Inhibitory effect of enkephalin on insulin secretion in healthy subjects and in non insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.

The administration of the long-acting met-enkephalin analogue (FK 33-824, Sandoz; Basel Switzerland) inhibits insulin secretion induced by glucose (oral and intravenous) and nonglucose (arginine and breakfast) secretagogues in both normal subjects and in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The plasma glucose rise triggered by oral glucose and breakfast is reduced by FK in both groups of subjects, suggesting for the opioid peptide an effect in delaying glucose absorption. The data suggest a negative role for enkephalin in the regulation of insulin secretion in both normal and noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Induced hyperglycemia alters antithrombin III activity but not its plasma concentration in healthy normal subjects.

The effects of induced hyperglycemia on both antithrombin III (ATIII) biologic activity and plasma concentration in normal subjects are reported. A decrease in ATIII activity parallel to hyperglycemia was observed, while ATIII concentration was unchanged. When the glycemia returned to basal values ATIII activity concomitantly showed values in the basal range. Heparin infusion was able to significantly preserve ATIII activity from glycemia-induced alterations. These data demonstrate that hyperglycemia by itself may alter ATIII biologic activity. Moreover, the effect of heparin administration suggests that both glucose and heparin compete in vivo for the same functional site. Our study, showing the possible role of hyperglycemia in altering the biologic function of some proteins, stresses the role of increased blood glucose in the development of some complications in diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Daily rapid blood glucose variations may condition antithrombin III biologic activity but not its plasma concentration in insulin-dependent diabetes. A possible role for labile non-enzymatic glycation.

The effect of rapid daily variation of glycemia and labile HbA1 on both antithrombin III (ATIII) activity and plasma concentration in ten insulin dependent diabetics has been evaluated. The variations of both plasma glucose and labile HbA1 were inversely correlated to the alterations of ATIII activity (r = -0.71 and r = -0.73, respectively, p less than 0.001), while no change in ATIII plasma concentration was present. These data suggest a direct role of glucose in determining rapid alteration of ATIII biologic activity, in vivo, in diabetes, probably mediated by labile non-enzymatic glycation.

Adult↗